PURITANISM IN NORTH AMERICA - PILGRIMS AND PURITANSI. Background- Money to find the colonies were from joint stock company economicreason secondary - Primary reasons of finding Puritans Massachusetts and Pilgrims Plymouth Bay : Religious Reasons escaping persecutions in England- Not reason to establish religious freedom (came out of their experience)- Persecuted other religious beliefs A. Protestant Reformation in Europe- 1517 protest reformation in England ( In Germany now )- Began by Martin Luther( Roman catholic Monk) Became disillusionedby catholic church and sees a corrupt institutions and they see ..- Believed every educated person should read the bible for themselves but only clergy can read it. Didn’t want to break away from catholic church- He wants to protest and reform to bring it back to original form of Christianity - Church was a wealthy institutions - Writes 95 thesis (arguments) and points things that he thinks are corruption in the church and need to be reformed ;: Event sparks protestant - 1521 cut off from the church - Many people agreed with Luther, he sparks division in the church - Lutheran Church - Printing press was able to produce books. Books before were created by hand and now many books could be printed. lathers ideais feasible due to the printing press - When individuals read the bible they come up with their own interpretation before it was controlled by the church ; Divisions within the Lutheran church diff sects become different faiths - Protestant has subgroups- Sets off several hundred years of religious wars occur - Has new sects develop many wars occur B. Reformation in England- Reformation in England took place due to King of England had a imperative need that was not met by the Pope (Head of Catholic Church) Takes place for Political reason not Religious - Henry VII Head of England , given title and brought - Change in late 1520s ; Henry VII married to Spanish Princess Catherineand he only had a daughter and believed he needed a male head to the thrown . Needed a Tudor dynasty. His wife is less likely to produce achild. In 1530 he appeals to the Pope to get annulment to his marriage.Wants a remarriage to women named Anne Bolen within the church. The Pope refuses due to the things occurring in Europe. King of England makes decision to separate himself and England from the Catholic Church. Creates the Church of England ( official church of nation) King Henry is head of the Church. Monarch in head of the Church of England who is Archbishop of Canterbury and Henry 8th getshis divorce and Marries Anne who is pregnant and gives birth to a girl. - Due to political reason Anne Bolen is beheaded and charged for treason - Henry marries 4 more times and eventually gets a son (Edward IV) Henry passes away when Edward is 9 and Edward dies at age 14. Now to females are heirs to the thrown Marry and Elizabeth. When Edward dies Marry becomes Queen and passes a few years then Elizabeth I is Queen. Split of England causes millions of people take their faith in secret whom are Catholic. Illegal to conduct Catholic Mass. Ect. Nothing changed theologically in the Religion. Change happens when Elizabeth I is in power (1558)- Church of England gives some things of Catholicism, allow priesthood /clergy to get married, adopts common book of prayer, rights and cemenry change C. Separatists and Non-Separatists- 1558-1603 change of church- For some members of England its not enough of change - James I ; Church of England divided into two sects - Some dissatisfied and want to be rigid protestant, want church of England to adopt Calvinist theology based on teaching of John Calvin (Frenchman that moved to Switzerland) Members of church of England dissatisfied 1603 and want change to fundamental protestants becomeknown as Puritans (want to purify church of England want to get rid of Catholicism) belief church of England in 1603 is still popish , want morechange/reform, - Sets up problems between protestants and protestants - Plymouth and Massachusetts bay- Want simplicity in clothing , want to get rid of fancy clothing that show symbols of authority and brings attention on individual and attention focus should be on God- Symbol of Cross shouldn’t be made out of Gold - Returning to roots of Christian faith and getting rid of corruption of religion - Small group decides to separate from Church of England (Separatists)- 1605-1607 Puritans break away want less control of bureaucracy and want congregation to take control - Separatists (Founded by pilgrims)- Don’t go to America first - First they separate and create own congregation- Separatists are persecuted heavily by church of England- King considers them rat that should be drowned II. Pilgrims: SeparatistsA. Refuge in Holland- Due to heavy persecution in 1607 /1608 many separatists leave England to escape persecution to Holland - Holland had reputation of being religiously tolerant - Stay in Holland to 1620 - Things in Holland make them unhappy was their children began to assimilate to Dutch Culture/ Language, customs and ways which differed from ways Of Separatists- Left Holland due to their children and want to retain identity as English and religion B. Plymouth Colony- 1620 they decide to strike out to N. America- Goal to reach Virginians, permission from London Company, financing from Joint stock company - Sail over on Mayflower ship, Goal is Virginia colony - On their way there ship is pushed to Massachusetts - They had choice to leave and go to Virginia many believed that the storm was sent by God that they were at the location. They should establish community were got sent them. - Faced one significant problem: didn’t have charter from King to do so . They were supposed to be in Virginia. Didn’t have permission to establish a settlement or government C. Mayflower Compact- Agreement called Mayflower compact: Document drawn up and signed by adult males. Provided framework for gov for Plymouth settlement and colony - Agreed to majority rule, discuss and vote - looked as one of building block of American government /democracy - Statement of loyalty to England and king - Plymouth colony succeeded natives helped them with how to provide food for them - On their way to be successful - Small colony with no more than 7000 colony - Massachusetts Bay overshadowed it - By 1691 charter for Plymouth Colony revoked and colony rolled over to Masachusetts bay - First colony found on religious reasons - Persecuted other