ENGLAND IN NORTH AMERICA I England Rises to Power A Commercial and Military Expansion 1550s English commits to expand commercial and military fleet to compete with other nations Elizabeth the first First way to participate in the new world British privateers set out to attack Spanish vessels that they assume are carrying voluble commodities gold stealing Spanish called them pirates Bringing wealth to England s named Sea dog John Hopkins and Francis B Challenge to Spain 1588 King of Spain Philip II is frustrated with the English pirates and sends an invasion armada Invisible armada Creation of large armada to form invasion force to attack England Motivations o Economic o Religious reasons to attack England Protestant churches began 1519 by 1588 English is protestant and Philip is Catholic Attacks in order to return them to becoming Catholic again 132 Warships Spanish armada is not invisible 132 ships with 3000 canons per ship Phillip confident in attack against English Problems for Spanish o The big bulky ships sail into English channel divides England from France 19 miles wide Narrow Problems occur English are outnumbered but English s navy ships are maneuverable and small so they could get around the channel English canon fire further English ships can stay out of range and still be affective Causes serious loss to Spanish o Nature Terrible storm occurred and blew many Spanish ships to the northern sea westward and they had to sail around England and Ireland to get home Many ships got lost sunk ect Spanish navy was never powerful again like the 1580 s After 1588 English gain superiority Balance of power shift in military Weakening of Spanish navy still serious II Early English Exploration and Attempts to Colonize A Cabot John Cabot is claiming land for England First made in land in Canada Goes southward to present day North Carolina You can t claim land without settlements Need to establish settlements trying to catch up to Spain France and Dutch Undeveloped nations B Gilbert Reign of Elizabeth 1st Granted charter to Francis Gilbert to establish a permanent settlement in North America Sails across Atlantic with 2 or 3 ships to new Finland Canada Give up since they arrive during the cold and its inhospitable First attempt fail and his ship sinks C Raleigh Gilbert s half brother Walter Raleigh is going to finance an attempt to settle in N America Never made voyage only financed the attempt with his entire fortune Becomes broke and in debt John White leads the voyage 1587 117 English settlers They don t go far north so they land on small Island off coast of n Carolina on Roanoke Island Construct settlements learn to grow crops by 1588 they need supplies for England and John White takes ship back during the war between Spanish and English 1588 John White can t get back till 1590 with supplies When he gets back to Roanoke nothing and no one there Roanoke is referred to as the lost colony Probably the people went to get help He finds one word on tree Croatian The people were never found Importance of Roanoke Taught English important lesson do not finance settlement on your own Business model Idea of Joint Stock Company 1580 s began to use concept were investors purchase stock in a company created in that purpose 50 investors but limited Want to financially benefit Many of 13 colonies were founded by the join stock companies III Jamestown A Founding When Queen Elizabeth granted charter included pledge that all Englishman when they participate all their rights in England and accompany them to new world 1600 s no permanent settlement 1603 Elizabeth dies and seceded by nephew James I First permanent settlement establish 1606 James grants charter to the London Company Joint stock company formed to establish English colony 1607 spring 108 men and boys set sail from England and land in present day Virginia Don t establish on coast line due to danger since Spanish and France and Dutch could destroy them They went up the James rivers 40 mi Establish camp and settlement B Struggle to Survive The spot is swampy hot humid prone to insect carry disease not the ideal site but good as a defensive not good for human survival Establish settlement on Estuary on James river where water is mixing between fresh and salt water Over time the settlers are taking in too much salt that eventually kills you One of the reasons why settlers die As currents meet they swirl as they come in contact Eddy under the service The settlers throw waste assuming it will go to the ocean instead gets caught on Eddy who mixes with the water As a result of issues by January of 1608 more than 100 settlers down to 38 survivors another reason for death rate is because settlers didn t come to farm they came over hoping they would find silver and gold easily same as the Spanish They were expecting to find valuables and leave Starvation causes death since they didn t settle during that time James Smith takes charge and establish rule he who works not eats not Leaning on native Americans for food Colonials began to steal food from natives by 1609 natives aren t helpful in the summer about 400 English arrive in Jamestown are too much to provide for and the new settlers didn t bring any food as well Winter of 1609 1610 Starving Time Hundreds starve by 1610 60 are survivors Cannibals 1610 man killed cause he ate his dead wife Remaining settlers abandon Jamestown and meet reinforcement another group of new settlers Some of the 60 decide to go back and others go a back to England Continue to be life threatening they aren t finding anything with economic value C Tobacco Jamestown reason to live isn t found till 1612 One of the new settlers in 1610 John Rolfe began experimenting with tobacco Brings back a milder form of it to the West Indies tobacco and mixes it with their Nasty tobacco Jamestown finds economic basis Tobacco saves Jamestown Becomes increasingly important to Virginia colony by 1660s Tobacco is exported Jamestown founded for colonic motive difficult to get Jamestown up and running Individuals didn t find Investors struggling since tobacco 1618 London Company initiated changes reforms Attempt to increase the nation men and women in Jamestown 1618 London Company initiated changes to increase the population 1618 by instituting the head rights system company offered 50 acres of free land to anyone who could pay their passage to Virginia 5 pounds cost of voyage land was a precious commodity England land owned by the church and