ENGLISH COLONIAL EXPANSION I England 1640 1660 A Civil War By 1640 English established four colonies England is going through a Civil War that goes between Parliament dominated by Puritans 1640 Parliments supporters are referred to as Round heads Charles I is King supporters are cavaliers Power Struggle between Parliament and Monarchy 1649 Round heads have achieved superiority arrested King and beheaded Leader is Oliver Crownell Protector in charge 1649 1658 in power Dies in 1658 and succeded by Son Richard but he isn t powerful like his father 1660 Puritans lost control and power They ask the King to return Charles II Restoration King is back on thrown Richard Crownwell is exiled No attention is giving to colonization First Attempt in Post restoration era Adds colony without Engish settlers New York Dutch Colony Newtheralands Established to settlement Albany and B Cromwell and the Protectorate C The Restoration II New Netherlands New York New York Dutch Colony Newtheralands Established to settlement Albany and New Amsterdam Ten thousand dutch settlers Lightly defended 1664 150 soldiers in Newtherlanded Sparsly populate and lightly protected England want it for strategic and economic Dutch is making money through fur Charles II is known about Dutch Control if iffy and that there are few troops Strategic Reason New York separated North and South colony wanted to elimate dutch small groups of ships arrive at New Amesterdam N York city and just the threat by English and Dutch give up Dutch homecountry does not send troops Charles II gave this new colony to his Brother James Duke of York and renamed is New York becomes major trading center Taken by England not founded on religious reasons ect III Pennsylvania Interregnum Between Kings A Wm Penn Jr and Quakerism English Colony and not founded by joint stock company it was given to one family Proprietary Colony Carolinas given to 8 families given to Penn family Original Grant included Present day Pennsylvania part of New York Part of Maryland and all of New Jersey Charles II Owned Penn Family money brother he was throne he was a gambler and womanizer lost a lot of money and borrowed money from English nobility and wealthy Englishmen like Penn Senior since he can t pay off money he gives the Land as trade William Penn Sr is not interested but dies and his son is interested in acquiring land in America 1681 Charted Granted Good time Charlie Marry Monarch William Penn Jr Was huge disappointment to Father and was supposed to be in Military and Goes to Oxford and drops out and rejects Church of England becomes part of a new sect called Society of Friends Protestant group 1647 known as Quakers Quakers 1660 40 000 Quakers in England small sect Heavily persecuted Most Englishmen hated Quakers Had Radical beliefs religious and social Rejected whole concept of Predestination Puritans Believed every human being is capable of salvation Reject concept of original sin Every human being is born sinful Catholicism didn t believe in bureaucracy no church service or government Meet in small group sit quietly and if one believes Holy Spirit is speaking to them they share have unpaid clergy no formal church sacrifice all human beings equal in the eyes of God don t follow social customs of the day When meet one another or others they shook Hands as sign of equality among others They make themselves noticeable don t believe in violence and that God loves every human being so if you hurt another they believe your heart god Pacifist don t engage in violence refuse to participate in Military their alienating other churches society and gov and military believe every human being have a tiny piece of God inside Conscience inter light Charters granted in 1861 Penn takes the opportunity to help Quakers advertizes in England and S Europe to go to Americas for other religions from persecution Penns colony established as religiously tolerant colony and tried to make peace with Natives living in the area believed Natives are children of God and deserved to be respected Penn purchases land Penn established a council of Settlers and Natives to settle disputes First 15 years helped prevent problems between Natives and Settlers Boundaries overlapped when Charters are given Boundaries of Pennsylvania is in Maryland and caused disputes Arguments happened early until 1767 for Boundaries as a result of a survey Mason Dixon Line nothing to do with Slavery just to solve boundary disputes B Proprietary Colony III Georgia Named after King George A Oglethorpe and Trusteeship Last English colony founded Charter granted in 1732 First settlement is Savannah 1733 Founded as a Trusteeship 21 trustees English reformers that want to improve They were trying to improve Prison conditions in England and came to realize that many people in prison are in their for debts England established Debters Prison Focused on Worthy Poor who aren t criminals but owe money that they can t pay They offered chance for the Worthy Poor to come to the Colony and start over as small farmers Primary Motivation for the Colony Underneath Georgia is Spanish Florida Reason for Georgia is to created a buffer zone Frontier between Spanish America Helped defend other colonies from the Spanish And the people living there are willing to defend until other colonies can send troops and war takes place in Georgia B Purposes and Restrictions Trustees established restrictions other colonies didn t have such as land ownership restricted to no more than 500 acres Rum is prohibited no slaves in Georgia As years go on settlers don t like the restrictions Georgians are beginning to understand climate and geography so they start growing Rice South Carolina is prosperous in it Want more land to grow rice and want slaves to work the plantation By 1759 all of the restrictions have been withdrawn and Georgia develops economy similar to South Carolina and establishes Indigo Plantations Successful economy 1607 1732 Thirteen colonies established