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UT Arlington HIST 1311 - 2.5 History Notes

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ENGLISH COLONIAL EXPANSIONI. England, 1640-1660A. Civil WarBy 1640 English established four colonies , England is going through a Civil War that goes between Parliament (dominated by Puritans) (1640) Parlimentssupporters are referred to as Round heads, Charles I is King –supporters are cavaliers Power Struggle between Parliament and Monarchy 1649 : Round heads have achieved superiority , arrested King and beheaded Leader is Oliver Crownell (Protector , in charge)(1649-1658 in power)Dies in 1658 and succeded by Son Richard, but he isn’t powerful like his father 1660 Puritans lost control and power. They ask the King to return Charles II (Restoration King is back on thrown)Richard Crownwell is exiledNo attention is giving to colonization First Attempt in Post-restoration eraAdds colony without Engish settlersNew York : Dutch Colony (Newtheralands) Established to settlement Albany and B. Cromwell and the ProtectorateC. The RestorationII. New Netherlands/New YorkNew York : Dutch Colony (Newtheralands) Established to settlement Albany and New AmsterdamTen thousand dutch settlers , Lightly defended 1664, 150 soldiers in Newtherlanded Sparsly populate and lightly protectedEngland want it for strategic and economic Dutch is making money through furCharles II is known about Dutch Control if iffy and that there are few troopsStrategic Reason: New York separated North and South colony, wanted to elimate dutch , small groups of ships arrive at New Amesterdam (N. York city)and just the threat by English and Dutch give up . Dutch homecountry does not send troops Charles II gave this new colony to his Brother James , Duke of York and renamed is New York, becomes major trading center Taken by England , not founded on religious reasons ect.III. PennsylvaniaInterregnum (Between Kings)A. Wm. Penn, Jr., and QuakerismEnglish Colony and not founded by joint stock company, it was given to one family (Proprietary Colony) , (Carolinas given to 8 families) given to Penn family Original Grant included Present day Pennsylvania, part of New York, Part of Maryland , and all of New JerseyCharles II Owned Penn Family money, brother he was throne he was a gambler and womanizer, lost a lot of money and borrowed money from English nobility and wealthy Englishmen like Penn Senior, since he can’t pay off money he gives the Land as tradeWilliam Penn Sr. is not interested but dies and his son is interested in acquiring land in America , 1681 Charted Granted(“Good time Charlie” Marry Monarch” )William Penn Jr. Was huge disappointment to Father and was supposed to be in Military and Goes to Oxford and drops out and rejects Church of England becomes part ofa new sect. called Society of Friends (Protestant group 1647) known as “Quakers”Quakers1660 :40,000 Quakers in England (small sect) Heavily persecuted , Most Englishmen hated Quakers, Had Radical beliefs (religious and social ) Rejected whole concept of Predestination(Puritans) , Believed every human being is capable of salvation , Reject concept of original sin (Every human being is born sinful)(Catholicism), didn’t believe in bureaucracy , no church service or government, Meet in small group sit quietly and if one believes Holy Spirit is speaking to them they share, have unpaid clergy , no formal church sacrifice , all human beings equal in the eyes of God, don’t follow social customs of the day, When meet one another or others they shook Hands as sign of equality among others. They make themselves noticeable, don’t believe in violence and that God loves every human being so if you hurt another they believe your heart god, Pacifist (don’t engage in violence) ,refuse to participate in Military , their alienating other churches, society and gov. and military , believe every human being have a tiny piece of God inside(Conscience) inter light Charters granted in 1861: Penn takes the opportunity to help Quakers, advertizes in England and S. Europe to go to Americas for other religions from persecution Penns colony established as religiously tolerant colony and tried to make peace with Natives living in the area, believed Natives are children of God and deserved to be respected. Penn purchases land Penn established a council of Settlers and Natives to settle disputes. First 15 years helped prevent problems between Natives and Settlers .*(Boundaries overlapped when Charters are given , Boundaries of Pennsylvania is in Maryland and caused disputes . Arguments happenedearly until 1767 for Boundaries as a result of a survey (Mason, Dixon Line, nothing to do with Slavery just to solve boundary disputes) )B. Proprietary ColonyIII. Georgia (Named after King George)A. Oglethorpe and TrusteeshipLast English colony founded, Charter granted in 1732 First settlement is Savannah (1733)Founded as a Trusteeship (21 trustees), English reformers that want to improve , They were trying to improve Prison conditions in England and cameto realize that many people in prison are in their for debts . England established Debters Prison, Focused on Worthy Poor who aren’t criminals but owe money that they can’t pay. They offered chance for the Worthy Poor to come to the Colony and start over as small farmers (Primary Motivation for the Colony) Underneath Georgia is Spanish Florida , Reason for Georgia is to created a buffer zone (Frontier) between Spanish America. Helped defend other colonies from the Spanish. And the people living there are willing to defend until other colonies can send troops and war takes place in Georgia. B. Purposes and RestrictionsTrustees established restrictions (other colonies didn’t have) such as land ownership restricted to no more than 500 acres, Rum is prohibited, no slaves in GeorgiaAs years go on settlers don’t like the restrictions, Georgians are beginning to understand climate and geography so they start growing Rice (South Carolina is prosperous in it ) Want more land to grow rice and want slaves to work the plantation By 1759 all of the restrictions have been withdrawn and Georgia develops economy similar to South Carolina, and establishes Indigo Plantations. Successful economy.1607-1732 Thirteen colonies


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