PSIO 201 5th Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture Skeletal System Outline of Current Lecture I Skeletal System and Functions II Axial vs Appendicular III Classification of Bones IV Anatomy of a Long Bone V Periosteum and Endosteum VI Composition of Bone Current Lecture Skeletal System bones cartilage ligaments and other connective tissues Each bone is an organ Functions 1 2 3 4 5 6 support protection mineral storage triglyceride storage fat in bone marrow Red and White blood cell formation hemolysis Leverage assistance in movement AXIAL BONES 1 2 3 4 5 Skull Cranium and Face Hyoid Auditory ossicles Vertebral Column Thorax Sternum and Ribs APPENDICULAR BONES 1 Pectoral clavicle and scapula 2 Upper Limbs Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals phalanges These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 3 Pelvic Girdle Hip Pelvis or coxal bone 4 Lower Limbs Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Total of 206 Bones Classification of Bones 1 2 3 4 5 6 Long Bone rectangle shape can be small or large e g humerus fingers Short Bone cube like shape e g trapezoid Flat Bone e g sternum cranium ribs Irregular Bone e g vertebra scapula Sesamoid Bone Seed like resemblance e g patella toes Sutural Bone small bones found within sutures other bones Anatomy of a Long Bone Rectangle small or big Diaphysis is shaf Proximal Epiphysis and Distal Epiphysis ends of bone Metaphysis are of transition Articular Cartilage ends of bones for attatchment Tendons attach muscle to bone Ligaments attach bone to bone Medullary Cavity inside Diaphysis red bone marrow in children turns yellow as adult Compact Bone Outer layer and strongest Spongy Bone lining of cavity marrow includes plates Periosteum outer Connective tissue membrane covering external surface of bone Continuous with tendons connective tissues of joints Attached to Bone matrix via fibers Two Layers 1 Outer Fibrous Layer 2 Inner Osteogenic layer Endosteum inner Lines inner surface of Bones marrow cavity trabecullae of spongy bone canals of compact bone Contains osteogenic cells for remodeling and growth Composition of Bone Osteo bone Osteology study of bone tissue Connective Tissue Extra Cellular Matrix Ground Substance organic inorganic GAG water minerals Fibers Collagen Inorganic Cells Osteocells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteoblasts and Osteocytes important for bone remodeling Osteoclasts attaches to bone tissue and breaks down tissue Osteogenic cells stem cells formed from mesenchyme embryonic connective tissue mitosis daughter cells differentiation osteoblasts
View Full Document
Unlocking...