GOV 312L Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. TMFPQII. What is foreign policy?III. Key FP Bureaucratic AgenciesIV. What is the national interest? Why is it significant?V. Introduction to Ethical ReasoningVI. Wilsonianism, Realism, and IdealismVII. Readings discussionVIII. Thursday preview: Grand StrategyCurrent LectureWoodrow Wilson – Conditions of Peace - 1918- Speech regarding the end of World War 1 and how we can achieve world peace.- Talks about how Russia and most of the other European countries have taken to open discussions on how to achieve peace, with only the “central empire” not being as transparent.- Asked whether the central empire (e.g. Balkans, Germany)’s request to keep the land they have already conquered as part of their peace treaty was truly coming from the government with the people of the nation in mind, or was this coming rather from the narrow-mind of those who were in military control and had no thoughts on the overreaching democratic needs of the countries as a whole.- Wilson stated that he was proud of the ideals of the Russian people, who even though they did not have much power in regards to the enormous power of Germany, still stood for their land and their country even when it put them in danger. Wilson resoundingly stated that the US sided with the Russian people in wanting to help them obtain “their upmost hope of liberty and ordered peace.”- States that the US entered WWI because we feel like it is our duty to protect not just our country, but the world, from being in a non-peaceful state, and that we must show our side when it comes to this war, which is why the concept of world peace is so important to the UnitedStates.- Proposed 14 ways to achieve world peace:o 1. Open peace treaties, with no private government deals that the public is not aware of.o 2. Freedom of navigation of the seas outside of specific territorial waters or by international law.o 3. The removal of economic barriers and equal trading between all countries who want peace.o 4. National arms of all countries should be brought to the lowest level that is consistent with domestic safety.o 5. All colonial claims to land should be adjusted if needed so that not only the government, but also the views of the sovereignty of the countries involved have equal weight with each other when determining borders.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o 6. The evacuation of all territories owned by Russia, the settlement of all questions affecting Russia, and the good will of the sister countries with aid for Russia by providing aid that does not necessarily further their own interests.o 7. Belgium must be evacuated and restored, as nothing besides this will restore the confidence among other nations. Without this step, international law will be forever impaired.o 8. All French territory should be freed and the invaded portions restored, and the wrong done to France by Prussia in 1871 should be righted to end the 50-year conflict between the two nations.o 9. There should be a re-adjustment of the Italian frontiers along clear national lines.o 10. The people of Austria-Hungary should be given the opportunity of autonomous development.o 11. The Balkan states should be evacuated and restored, and Serbia should be given free access to the sea. The Balkans should restore their previous lines of nationality and international agreements of freedom and sovereignty should be entered into for several Balkan states.o 12. The Turkish portions of the Ottoman Empire should be given sovereignty, and there should be allotments for the autonomous development of other portions of the Ottoman Empire, and the sea channels should be opened up for free and impartial international use.o 13. A Polish state should be created for the territories of the population of people who are clearly Polish, with free access to the sea and protected by international laws.o 14. A general association of nations should be created for a mutual and complete guarantee of political independence and territorial integrity for all nations.- The speech ends with an impassioned call-of-arms for the American people to support these points in order to embrace peace for all nations, and implores Germany to support and move forward with the steps outlined above in order to keep world peace intact for the future, and notes that the US holds no ill will for Germany unless it does not want to abide in peaceful actions.Bush – National Security Strategy – September 2002- Begins by stating that the United States is committed to peace, and wants first and foremost for all countries to be given the equal rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness, education, etc.- States we only align with countries who share our commitment to protecting basic human rights and guaranteeing political and economic freedom are who we want to align with.- States that we do not use our major military power for conquest, but rather simply focus on defending our own country – which leads into denouncing all terrorists, and all countries which harbor terrorists.- States we will be using force to hamper the terrorist’s efforts to create harmful technology – “in the new world we have entered, the only path to peace and security is the path of action.”- US will stand by all nations working towards a better future by providing more liberties for their citizens, and will work to provide additional developmental funding as available.- All nations still have important convictions/responsibilities – the responsibilities to use aid wisely, to actively fight terror, to prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction.- Section 1: Our international strategy – to work with other global powerhouses to starve out terroristic threats and to promote democracy and personal freedoms for all, along with increased global trading and cooperation between large nations.- Section 2: Aspirations for Human Dignity – the US first and foremost stands for liberty and justicebecause all people in all countries deserve to be in a society which there are many civil freedomsafforded to the citizens – although it notes our Constitution has served the US well, other societies have embraced these basic liberties in other ways which better reflect their unique cultures and history – as long as the basic ideals are