GOV 312L Lecture 8 Outline of Current Lecture I. Obama’s UN Speech: Is this a new Obama Doctrine?II. Manifest Destiny: What forces promoted Western Expansion?III. The Civil War: How was the American Civil War an international event?IV. Open Door Policy: Why does the US move from being a continental power to a globalpower in the 1980s?V. World War I: Why did America intervene in 1917? How did American intervention contribute to end of World War I?Current Lecture- Three primary threatso Disease Ebolao Transnational entities (terrorist organizations, etc.)o Large states, who use their power to control smaller states Mainly Russia- Obama’s Grand Strategyo Liberal internationalism Driven by moral imperativeso Multilateral- President Obama speech in UNo New Obama doctrine?o An articulation of fundamental parameters and decision rules that Obama uses to make key foreign policy decisions (use of force) and how US will use that force in terms of interaction with other countrieso Continuity between UN speech and other speech (WestPoint speech)o Has established a formula when trying to describe the world as it is and then articulate the challenges and necessary responses to those challenges, argues the world is a better place than it has ever been—more access to information, better education, more literacy, more opportunities, more freedom, more democracies and he argues that it is less dangerous now thanin previous epicsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o How previous epics such as WW1 WW2 or cold war had greater threats to US survival and its security than current threats face in US now, then admits that same forces that bring up positive developments (technological, and global integration) also produced challenging problems *three primary threats he sees 1. Non human threat (diseases such as Ebola) 2. Transnational actors (terror groups, ISIS and al Qaeda 3. Large states (Russia, using military power to impose Ukraine)o Argues that in order to address threats from global forces of integration requires collective multinational response, commits US to leadership role to response to all these threats but also stresses that US will NOT do these things alone à strategy?? LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISMo Allies like Great Britain? Is this a shift? Not really, a lot of similarities with WestPoint speech, just shift from president in sense that he lost some of “military force”- Civil war: international evento Civil war: international event World was watching during civil war (can't be seen as failure) Civil war and the survival of democratic governance Fusion of nationalism and liberalism as consequence of civil war Abraham Lincoln clear in seeing highest value in maintenance of the union, military force needed for that Interest of long term liberalism (freedom, rights and alike) Global repercussions If US can't keep itself together, less support European powers and the American civil war European powers role in the fate of the union Union diplomacy- in trying to get Europe to stay out of the conflict, relying in economic ties and industrial base (key aspect in European markets), because it was largest and popular of two sides and industrial, the unionhad a lot of advantages and those would win out Confederate diplomacy - reliance on world market (cotton was required by textile mills in Europe to fuel theindustrial revolution), this bet that Europe would come toaid of confederacy because they depended on cotton – failed and allowed the North to win Watershed event in US but also internationally o Open door policy and why does the US move from being a continental power to a global power in the 1980’s? o Engaging Spanish forces – dramatic quick victory that gave US acquisition in Cuba and Philippines and Hawaii, Puerto Ricoand other islands – key break in foreign policy after 20th century o These episodic changes (consolidation after civil war, satisfaction with territorial borders and rapid expansion) o Why did US assert itself in Pacific, Asia, China and Phillipines and why did US challenge European interest in South America in confronting British in Venezuela?  Historical developments Expansion after Monroe Doctrine → (1783-1917) combination of war and negotiation o Annexed Texas after became independent, followed by war between US and Mexico in 1846-48 adding more territory in California – putting together acquisition of territory then Oregon territory through negotiation with Great Britain (had territorial claims) o Key resources § 1. Land—source of wealth and place that growing population can settle upon § 2. Natural resources—important as economic prosperity and mobilization for war (as continental power, would be factory for European allies during both world wars due to expansion) § 3. Basis for economic growth—provideda solid economic foundation for eventual global power o Forces driving territory acquisition? § 1. Population and economic growth: expansion was a response to a quickly growing population and so with high birth rate/immigration coming to US, country needed a place to allow people to grow (rapidly growing population) and economic opportunities with new resources ex: fur trading, lumber industry, providing basis for people to settle and economic opportunities § 2.Technology: Railroad, providing means for integration of these territories, when you expand you provide opportunities and cause challenges (how do you knit together these territories?) then after telegraph and alike further contributing to value of this territorial expansion § 3. Ideology: Manifest Destiny – “And that claim is by right of our manifest destiny to overspread and posses thewhole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federated self government entrusted to us… The God of nature and of nations has marked it for our own” -- US did not want to be likeEurope.  § 4. Domestic politics comes into play—slavery infected everything around the middle of the 19th century, when it came to expansion, slavery provided several incentives for both sides (for and against).South wanted to spread their institution (slavery) to new states in order to make slavery (VITAL to culture and