GOV 312L 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Current Lecture I. NewsII. What is an institution? Organization?III. What role do international institutions/organizations play in global politics?IV. US and NATO: Cold War origins and end of Cold WarV. After the Cold War: NATO expansionVI. Interview with John MearsheimerCurrent Lecture- Obama is likely to push for a hard condemnation to send a message to Israel- Institutions are the rules of the game in a society or more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction.- Institutions vs. Organizationso Examples of institutions: electoral rules, legislative rules, federalismo Marriage is an institution: a set of laws governing 2 peopleo Political organizations are not institutions but they can have rules (institutions)o Institutions provide rules for organizationso Constitutions are political institutions- How do international institutions structure global politicso Institutions as rules that guide interactions among stateso Sovereignty as legal recognition (by other states) of a government’s right to regulate people (set laws for them) living within set territorial boundaries Create experiences about appropriate behavioro Trade liberation: grant access of foreign companies access to domestic marketso Enforcement of rules World Trade Organization (WTO) as dispute resolution merchanism that can impose penalties on states that violate their commitmentso Provide information about state interests and trustworthiness Decision itself to join often domestically costly because requires concessions Demonstrates commitments to pursue line of policiesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Example: Chines entry into WTO; weapon inspectors: check for complianceo Allocate power and influence among states Independently powerful; create new international law Set agenda in favor of some; veto power of UN Security Council (US) helpsto keep recognition of Palestine off agenda, Lock-in existing power arrangements Ikenberry: US entry into international organizations helps to solve fundamental problem of politics and international level- Need coercive power and authority; but once exists, how to limit? And preserve US power/hegemony Examples: NATO, Bretton Woods organization (IMF and WTO), participation in UN- The US and the UNo US key player because of seat in security councilo Source of legitimacy abroad and at home- US and International organizationso Real tension: might need to gain legitimacy for policy, secure additional support to implement policieso Can require some surrender of sovereignty or authority of elected officials in US set policy of the United States- US and NATO: Cold War Originso Primary function was to provide military support for western Europeo “keeping the Russians out, the Americans in, and the Germans down”- Dilemmas of NATOo European shirking: not spending enough on their militaries-still is a problem today Neglecting their own self-defense since the origins of cold War- US, NATO, and the end of the Cold Waro NATO and a unified Germany There was an understanding (not written down) that the Soviet Union would allow in a unified Germany and NATO expansion would end thereo Dilemmas for NATO at the end of the Cold War Loss of mission: shouldn’t the end of the Warsaw Pact mean the end of NATO?- Finding new missions: out-of-region interventions Pressure from Eastern Europe to enter NATO- EE countries determined not be left vulnerable to Russian hegemony again What to do about Russia- Should NATO preemptively contain Russia even though it was no longer communist; could Russia be a part of NATO- The case for NATO expansiono The original goal remains relevant Neo-containment of an inevitably anti-western Russia Keeps American power bound by allieso NATO as a more-effective mini UN Out-of-region interventions allow US and its allies opportunities to use multi-lateralism to enforce liberal internationalism- The case against NATO expansiono Loss of mission: NATO is no longer relevant Security in Europe does not need NATOo Threatened and antagonized Russia Treating Russia like an enemy made Russia an enemyo Perpetuated European shirking and American burden Expansion of NATO expanded the burden on the US Continued to allow European states to free ride and neglect their own security- Mearshimero Regarding long-term NATO If China expands economically, it will try to take over Asia The pivot to Asia is to contain China, but this will cause us to pivot away from