ANSC 107 1nd Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I General Terms Outline of Current Lecture II Breeds of Livestock III Breeds of Cattle a British Breeds b Bos Indicus Breeds c Exotic Breeds d Dairy Cattle Breeds Current Lecture Breed Animals of common origin having characteristics that distinguish them other groups within the same species Most breeds were developed to fit a set of environmental constraints o Climate forage supply specific production goals It is useful to segregate breeds according to maturity rates o Indicator of frame size leanness marbling ability muscling fleshing ability and fertility Ranking Breeds Sire Breed Fast growing muscular late maturing low milking terminal breed o Charolais Chianina Limousin Maine Anjou Hampshire swine White Cornish Suffolk Maternal Breed early maturing sexually inherently fertile moderate to heavy milking small to moderate size o Angus Herford Brahman Tarentaise Yorkshire Leghorn Rambouillet There is more variation within breed than there is between breeds Examples Marbling in Angus total lbs of milk production in Holsteins pacing and trotting in standard bred horses speed over a mile in Thorough bred horses and heat tolerance in Brahmans These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Why do we cross breed Heterosis o Ability of offspring to out perform the average of the parents breed Complimentary of traits o Take advantage of parents desirable traits Make the animals fit the environment Breeds of Cattle British Breeds Angus Scotland o Black excellent marbling good milking production early maturing sexually Hereford England o Red with white faces adaptable to many environments poorest marbling o Cancer eye Shorthorn England o Red white and roan excellent milk production moderate size Bos Indicus Breed Brahman India o Cross of three Indian breeds heat tolerance poorest marbling o Short hair big ears can dissipate heat Brangus USA o 5 8 Angus and 3 8 Brahman moderate size more efficient Santa Gertrudis USA o Developed on King Ranch in Kingsville TX by Robert J Kleberg o Composite breed Beefmaster USA o 50 Brahman 25 Shorthorn and 25 Hereford o Longevity maternal ability conformation fertility o Most productive combines 3 traits instead of 2 Exotic Breeds Charolais France o Off white extremely fast growing muscular heavy birth weight Dystocia difficult birth Chianina Italy o Extremely large framed Not considered maternal breed o Black because of marketing Limousin France o Reddish gold in color moderate sized Texas Longhorn o Almost extinct purchased in Oklahoma o 20 cows 4 calves and 3 bulls Dairy Cattle Breeds Brown Swiss Switzerland o Large docile breed from Swiss alps Holstein Friesian Netherlands o Dominant breed of dairy cattle o Lowest percentage of butterfat Jersey o Highest percentage of butterfat o Very fertile and early maturing
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