PSYC 300 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Gender AwarenessII. Kinsey ScaleIII. Masters and JohnsonIV. Sexual Anatomy V. Sexual ResponseVI. Sexual AttitudesVII. Sexual BehaviorVIII. Sexual Behavior: Gender DifferencesIX. Explaining Gender DifferencesX. Sexual ProblemsXI. FrigidityXII. Causes of Sexual ProblemsXIII. Psychological Causes: Prior learningOutline of Current LectureI. Gender AwarenessII. TreatmentIII. Bisexual WomenIV. Lesbian and Bisexual WomenV. Attitudes toward lesbiansVI. Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Bisexual WomenVII. Sexual activity during adolescenceVIII. Explanations of Sexual OrientationIX. What you should know?X. Sexual activity during adolescenceXI. Sex EducationXII. Texas – sex education lawsXIII. Texas: the realityCurrent Lecture- Gender Awarenesso Ikea deletes images of women from its Saudi version of its furniture catalogo Asking a woman her ageo Comicon ad about how women can do the breast exam themselves and they all havebig breastso The kindle fire has a new twist in their ad with having a gayo Justin Bieber “I want that dress” memeo 2 men experience stimulated labor contractions (lasted 2 hours)o Handheld gaming device with the exploitation of women- Treatmento Sex educationo Promoting change in unhealthy attitudes and thoughts that are sexually relevanto Decreasing anxiety, increasing the link between positive emotions and sexual behavioro Directed masturbation, and increasing orgasmic ability and satisfaction. o Treatments tend to be highly effective.o To date, no medication has been found to be effective in treating orgasmic disorders.- Bisexual Womeno Invisibleo Considered to be going through “transitional stage”o Criticized by both heterosexuals and homosexualso Research suggests that bisexual attractions are more common among women than exclusive attractions to other women (Rust, 2001)o Self-reporting of bisexuality has increased since the early 1990so Same-sex sexuality is a matter of degree for many women- Lesbian and Bisexual Womeno Sexual orientation- Sexual identity (2% of women)* Sexual behavior (2 – 4% of women)*) Sexual/romantic attraction (8-12% of women)** Frequency as reported in one national surveyo Lesbian: a woman who is emotionally and sexually attracted to other womeno Gay man: a man who is emotionally and sexually attracted to other meno Bisexual person: attracted to both men and womeno Research findings suggest that female sexual orientation more “fluid” than male sexual orientation- Attitudes toward lesbianso Heterosexism: the view that heterosexuality is the norm and that homosexuality is abnormalo Homophobia: negative reactions to homosexuality and irrational fear of homosexuals More common among individuals who are older, less well educated, politically conservativeo Heterosexism and homophobia pervasive in the U.S. and in other cultureso Women of color face racism, sexism, and homophobia- Attitudes Towards Lesbians and Bisexual Womeno Discrimination Hate crimes toward gay men Harassment- Name calling- Physical assault or threat of physical assault- Verbal attackso Rejection by familyo State laws- Sexual activity during adolescenceo Gender Differences Males become sexually active at younger ages than females and have more sex and more sexual partnerso Ethnicity Differences Black female teens become sexually active before other female teens o Frequency Rates of teenage sexuality were very high in the 1980s and have declined since the early 1990s Decline most noticeable among Black females and all males Influence of AIDS- Explanations of Sexual Orientationo Explanations of sexual orientation Complex and controversial - Genetic: twin studies- Hormonal (prenatal not levels as an adult) factors- What you should know?o Homosexuality…  Is not a psychological disorder and is not included in the DSM-IV Is not willfully chosen or easily changed (view shared by most psychologists) Does not “rub” off on adopted or biological children nor deemed harmful Can result in higher levels of depression/suicide due to discrimination/bias- Sexual activity during adolescenceo Factors associated with sexual activity and pregnancy risk Puberty: early maturing girls (in terms of outward appearance) Parents have greatest influence, then peers Characteristics of teenagers who delay sexual activity vs. early onseto The double standard Sexual experimentation and activity more acceptable for boys than for girlso Sexual desire Tolman’s (2002) study of teenage girls- Girls have strong feelings of sexual desire- Girls fear potential of negative consequences for expressing those desires- Sex Educationo Parents and Sex Education Mother vs father: mother more likely to speak with daughters Positive vs. Negative info: positive aspects not discussed too much Ethnic differences: certain cultures (Asian and Latina) – o Schools and Sex Education "Organ recital“ – focus just on the biology "Just say no“ :are not effective in decreasing sex or STDs Comprehensive model: emotions, attitudes and making informed choices: more effective than just abstinence only programso Media Teenagers learn much about sex from TV/movies/magazines Info is often wrong Sex is glamorized and women are viewed as sex objects- Texas – sex education lawso Must present abstinence as preferred choiceo Must spend more time on abstinence than other types of birth controlo Must emphasize that abstinence is only method 100% effectiveo Teach realistic contraception rateso May not distribute condomso May separate sex for instruction - Texas: the realityo Report: 96% of TX school districts do not teach about any other method of birth control than abstinenceo Texas currently has the third highest rate of teenage births in the country and the second highest rate of repeated births to teenage girlso More schools are starting to teach safe sex plus abstinence Teaches about contraception, unplanned pregnancy and condom use Abstinence only programs are not