PSYC 300 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Gender AwarenessII. Important concepts in Psychology of WomenIII. PassingOutline of Current LectureI. What we think of males and females asII. StereotypesIII. Bias and Types of BiasesIV. SexismCurrent LectureGender Awareness- -Is this normal?-typical or atypical- -Everyone sees what you appear to be but few know who you really are- -Price is right Rob-the first male price is right model, the other female models had a lot of discrimination against themWhen we think of males and females we think of: Personality Role behaviorsTraditional vs. Non-traditional: **Physical characteristics**-Most often trigger stereotypes-Happens very quickly-Different for males vs. females (ex. smiling, attractiveness, obesity)Stereotypes of Females and Males Gender stereotypes: widely shared beliefs about the attributes of females and malesCommunion: traits stereotypically associated with women which reflect a concern about other peopleAgency: traits stereotypically associated with men, which reflect concern about accomplishing tasks-Achievement orientedStereotypes of Females and Males Some gender stereotypes -some have changed since 1970s; others have not Male stereotype attributes-are more highly regarded in the US Guide our expectations and interpretations of other people Guide choices we make about our own behavior There is a discrepancy between the traits North Americans regard as representative of most women and men and those they consider ideal for women and men The perceiver’s ethnicity and gender stereotypes People from different ethnic backgrounds vary in the degree to which they believe the ideal traits for females are different from those for males Adults’ gender-stereotypic expectations of children Newborn girls and boys perceived differently 4- to 7-year-old girls and boys perceived differentlyBases for Gender Stereotypes Social categorizationHelps simplify our social perceptionsBased on easily identifiable characteristicsCan lead us astray… Social role theoryObserving the behaviors associated with typically performed in their social rolesStereotypes Based on Identity Labels Long-standing cultural norm that a woman is defined in terms of her relationship to a man (e.g., Lakoff, 1990) Our impressions of women are influenced by her preferred titleMrs.MissMs. Stereotypes of women who prefer nontraditional forms of address might be due to the belief that they are in nontraditional rolesBias Prejudice: negative attitude or emotional reaction toward a particular group of peopleExample:Gender bias: an inclination to hold a particular perspective about women at the expenseof possibly equal alternatives Discrimination: unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudiceOther Types of BiasesCharacteristic BiasSex SexismRace RacismAge AgeismSexual Orientation HeterosexismSES (socioeconomic status) ClassismPhysically Abled AbleismAppearance Lookism Sexism Stereotypes and/or discriminatory behaviors that serve to restrict women’s roles and maintain male dominationBacklash effect: Violating these gender stereotypes can result in social and economic penaltiesExample: Ann Hopkins-denied promotion to partnership at PW even though she had brought more clients/money than any other candidates and she sued under the Civil Rights act against sexual
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