PSYC 300 1st EditionExam 1 Study GuideGender Awareness- Sex Discrimination in science: psychology experiment was done where two applications were sent out with the same content but the difference was the change in the nam (John and Jennifer), more people said they would hire the male- Study shows men look away if women mistreated: two men disparaging a women, hypothetical scenario: men-little effect, women-reported being upset, actual scenario: men-little effect, women-little effect- The riddle: the doctor is the mother, it is assumed that the doctor would be a maleGender Awareness- Katherine Switzer was the first female to run the marathon and the race owner went after her to get her off of the course because she signed up for the race with a different name- Running in the Olympics for Women: women were not allowed to run long distances in the Olympics because they were too "weak"- Men protesting against the rape in India and saying the cause of rape was women wearing short skirts- It's a girl thing: used stereotypes for women in science (bright colored lab coats and heels) and caused controversy- Cameron Russell TED Talk: talks about how women want to grow up to be a supermodel andhow the most beautiful women are the most insecure about their bodies- Dr. Pepper 10: it's not for women, not diet (womanly) but something with less calories (this one has 10 calories)Women in Other Countries Severe discrimination Muslim extremists – Taliban Afghanistan –women have limited rights, freedoms, often victims of violence  Saudia Arabia  Less discrimination Scandinavian countries Sweden: very good maternity leave for women and menDefinitions: Sex and Gender Sex: the classification of individuals as female or male Based on their genetic makeup, anatomy, and reproductive functions Gender: the meanings that societies and individuals give to female and male categories What we as a society consider "masculine" and "feminine"Feminist PerspectivesLiberal Feminism Focus Remedies Views of GenderLiberal Feminism Given equal environments and opportunities, women and men will behave similarlyPassing laws that guarantee equal rights for womenMen and women are equal in reason and rationality; should be treated equally by society and lawsRadical Feminism Male control and domination of women throughout historyDrastically changing society’s policies that perpetuates sexismMen and women are basically the same and ought to have the sameaccess to powerCultural Feminism Women and men are different and these differences should be equally valued by societyRestructuring society tovalue the positive differences of femalesThere are essential differences between men and women.Women-of-Color FeminismThe different perspectives of women of different ethnicity and social class are more important than gender in of itself.Understanding women from a multi-cultural perspective Women of different cultures and social classes cannot be presumed to be the same.Gender Awareness- 125 years of evolution: BOSCH laundry had only women doing the laundry in the picture on their advertisement- Breast feeding is not allowed publicly in some places- Betty White's quote about growing balls- Women in video games are usually completely nude and have very large female parts and men are usually the people who are playing these video games- Target's everyday collection-use of gender stereotyping to advertise products (cowgirl, laundry)Important Concepts in Psychology of Women Dominants vs. subordinates: those in power determine philosophy, morality, values in society "Dominants" often do not realize the privileges associated with being in power Majority group vs. minority group majority group-those who are truly the majority but in the case of men and women, women are considered to be in the minority -minority groups often do not have the same social and income stature as the majority Privilege White as normative; male as normative: -those that differ from the "norm" are deviations U.S.-Centered Nationalism Self-hatred-internalization of a dominant group's belief Passing-pressure to assimilate into a dominant culture results in some "minorities" to tryto pass as "majority"Gender Awareness- -Is this normal?-typical or atypical- -Everyone sees what you appear to be but few know who you really are- -Price is right Rob-the first male price is right model, the other female models had a lot of discrimination against themWhen we think of males and females we think of: Personality Role behaviors Traditional vs. Non-traditional: **Physical characteristics** -Most often trigger stereotypes -Happens very quickly -Different for males vs. females (ex. smiling, attractiveness, obesity)Stereotypes of Females and Males Gender stereotypes: widely shared beliefs about the attributes of females and males Communion: traits stereotypically associated with women which reflect a concern about other people Agency: traits stereotypically associated with men, which reflect concern about accomplishing tasks -Achievement orientedGender Awareness- -A man wants to take his wife's last name and was accused of fraud (there is a legal process in order to do this act)- -Huggies put real dads to the test (some men says that this commercials portrays men asincompetent)- -Tide and Downy: The Princess Dress- the male is shown as a competent dad - -Irresistible Iowa women fired for being too sexy-the woman sued and they lost because the jury was all male- -Danger: Women Working (the assumption that males were the only ones who were working in dangerous situations)- -Management rings (male engagement rings) and Meggings (male leggings)Sexism, continued Ambivalent Sexism (Glick & Fiske, 2007) Hostile sexism: negative stereotypes of women, primarily directed toward non-traditional women Benevolent sexism: positive characterizations such as “women are pure" or "women should be protected; often accompanied by affection -Both emphasize that women re different and weaker than