PSIO 201 5th Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I Levels of Biological organization and the Principles of Homeostasis Outline of Current Lecture II Anatomy and Physiology A Structure and Function III The 5 Characteristics of Life IV The 6 Levels of Structural Organization V Homeostasis VI Scientific Method Steps VII Equilibrium Vs Steady State Current Lecture II Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is the study of the structure of the body where everything goes Physiology is the study of the functions of the body and how the organ systems work together for specific functions what does it do III The Five Characteristics of Life include A Metabolism sum of all chemical processes the breakdown of large molecules into small building proteins that give energy for cells B Responsiveness ability to detect changes in internal and external environments C Movement includes movement of all structural levels D Growth Differentiation Cell size and material found specialized in each cell function E Reproduction Formation of new cells and individuals gamete cells IV Homeostasis keeps variables within physiological limits Positive Feedback the original stimulus is intensified e g childbirth Negative Feedback regulates back and forth to maintain homeostasis the original stimulus is kept within limits Cycle stimulus receptor control center effector response controlled condition IV The Six Levels of Structural Organization 1 Chemical atomic and molecular These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 3 4 5 6 Cellular smallest unit Tissue Groups of cells Organ Groups of tissues with specific function Organ systems Groups of organs for function Organismic Level Living individual VI Scientific Method Steps 1 Observation 2 Hypothesis tentative answer not a question 3 Experimental testing 4 Analysis and Conclusion 5 Development of a new Hypothesis VIII Equilibrium vs Steady State Equilibrium requires no energy A constant state achieved with out energy is Equilibrium Homeostasis is the balance of equilibrium due to constant interaction of body regularity processes Equilibrium is a form of steady state A steady state requires a lot of energy e g PH levels in body Keeping temperature at 98 3 Functions such as sweating are used to regulate to maintain at steady state
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