SLHS 261 1st Edition Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. Smiling, Pharyngeal Oral Function, Contributions of each subsystem, Articulation, AcousticsOutline of Current Lecture II. Extrinsic Muscle Control of Tongue Position for Vowels A. Tongue position can be largely described with relative activations of the Genioglossus, Styloglossus, and Hyoglossus B. Genioglossus- two parts: GGa (anterior) GGp (posterior). Anterior gives a compression and the GGp pulls out. GGp pushes in, GGa pushes out. Current LectureC. GGa and SG operate as an antagonistic pair; GGa tends to pull the tongue forward and downward and SG pulls the tongue back and upward. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.D. GGp and HG also operate (functionally) as an antagonistic pair. Posterior will pull tongue forward- HG will pull the tongue back. E. To produce {i]- GGp contracts to pull tongue root forward and raises dorsum. GGa is slightly contracted to control height of tongue surface – enhances the contraction of the GGp. F. [ae]- GGa contracts to pull tongue forward and downward. HG is contracted to lower tongue dorsum and create a bulging of the tongue root. G. [u]- SG contracts to pull toward high-back position. GGp is slightly contracted to raise the tongue dorsum. H. [a]- SG slightly contracted to pull tongue backward. HG is contracted to lower tongue dorsum and create a bulging of the tongue root. GGa low level contraction to lower tip and blade.* Bolded words = primary muscles activatedI. Vowel Sequencing for [i]III. Chewing vs. SwallowingA. Agonist-Antagonist cycle: i. Adduct: Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoidii. abduct: lateral pterygoidB. Muscle co-contraction i. 6 months- evidence that chewing and speech muscle activation start going in different directions – differentiated babblingii. Consonant coding scheme: Place of production: constriction location. Voicing. Manner= occlusion, partial occlusion, nasal, glide C. Movement and positioning of structures adjust the pharyngeal-oral lumen (airway): i.Change in length or cross-sectional shape and/or area D. Resistance: the opposition to mass flow (i.e, volume of air moving from one place to another)E. Impedance: the opposition to flow of acoustic energy F. Shaping: Slowly-varying changes to the shape of the entire vocal tract- vowels G. Valving: Modulate vowels with constrictions H. Coarticulation (or coproduction) of vocal tract shape changes to produce a continuous stream of vowels and