SLHS 261 Miller Lecture 12Outline of Last Lecture I. Laryngeal Unit, Pharynx, Nasal BonesOutline of Current Lecture II. Exam prep activity: a. Name the branches of the vagal nerve which serve the larynx i. Recurrent and Superiorb. What muscles does the recurrent branch serve?i.Intrinsic laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid c. What does the pharyngeal nerve serve? i. The Pharynx and the velumd. What two structures makes up the velum?i. Soft palate and the uvulae. What is the primary muscle that lifts the velum? What is another muscle that also lifts the velum?i. Palatal Levator; Uvulusf. Muscles that pull down the velumi. Glossopalatine and pharynopalatineg. What two bones make up the hard palate?i. Maxillary and Palatineh. Muscles that constrict the anterior nares? i. NasalisII. Velopharyngeal-Nasal FunctionA. Velopharynx= velum + pharynxB. Velopharyngeal Function: a. Closing the vp: the velum can elevate and/ or the pharyngeal walls can move inward to close the velopharynx (less common) b.Opening the vp: the velum can lower and/ or the These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.pharyngeal walls can move outward to open the velopharynxc. Note: the “hooked” appearance of the velum relates to where the palatal levator inserts into the velum C. Nasal Function: a. Dilate (flare) the anterior naresb. Constrict the anterior nares c. If you constrict the anterior nares, you will increase the resistance d. If you dilate the anterior nares it can decrease the nasal pathway airway resistance D. Velopharyngeal Status During Resting Tidal Breathing- A. Why do you breathe through your nose when sitting quietly? i. nose hairs filters and moisturizes the air (which the lungs like), and warms the airB. Why do you open your mouth to breathe when you exercise?i. More oxygen intake; lowers resistance, which is nice when you’re exercising. E. Velopharyngeal Status during resting tidal breathing A. Sustained Vowel Production- i. Velum moves upward and backward, lateral pharyngeal walls move inward and or posterior pharyngeal walls move forward. Airtight velopharyngeal closure may or may not occur, high vowels are produced with a higher velum than low vowelsB. Nasal Consonant Sustainedi. Open vp port C. Sustained fricative- i. Airtight velopharyngeal closure ii. Velopharynx closes during swallowingCurrent