• Structural Model of the Mind⁃ Id - driver of the personality (german for IT)⁃ pleasure principle⁃ "I want it now"⁃ sex and aggression⁃ primary process thinking⁃ not rational problem solving thinking⁃ exemplified by dreams⁃ Ego (german for I)⁃ reality principle⁃ acknowledgment of constraints on instinctual gratifications⁃ ways that you can meet sex & aggression drives⁃ secondary process thinking⁃ employs defense mechanisms⁃ coping mechanisms⁃ designed to keep our anxiety down but at the same time meet the needs of the id⁃ formulates comprises between the id and the superego and formulates comprises for what the outside world requires⁃ Superego⁃ some type of representation of the norms and values of the greater society⁃ superego is formed in the phallic phase of development⁃ representation of the parent's conscience • Freud - intrapsychic theorists⁃ meaning between the ears• Defense Mechanisms⁃ Regression⁃ retreating to an earlier and more primitive stage or mode of behavior in order to avoid pain, threat, oranxiety⁃ Displacement⁃ Shifting an impulse from a threatening to a non-threatening object⁃ Sublimation⁃ Channeling socially unacceptable impulses into acceptable, even admirable, behavior⁃ Repression⁃ A dangerous impulse is actively and totally excluded from consciousness⁃ Projection⁃ Attributing one's own unacceptable and disturbing thoughts and impulses to someone else⁃ Reaction formation⁃ Warding off an unacceptable impulse by over-emphasizing…• Neopsychoanalysis - Ego Psychology⁃ Expand the functions of the ego⁃ Ego as autonomous, master integrator; driver of personality⁃ Emphasize importance of interpersonal relationships as critical to development⁃ Object relations: provide structure for individuation⁃ Family system theory: problems are the result of failure of the family to individuate⁃ Robert White⁃ famous ego psychologist⁃ ego becomes the driver of the personality⁃ more rational process at work: ego⁃ competence motivation⁃ we are more than our drives• A good marriage is when each is the guardian of each others solitude⁃ is the other person the guardian (accepting) of the other'sdifferences?• Pyschoanalytic counseling: (goal-make the unconscious conscious)⁃ Free association⁃ just talk⁃ following your thought process⁃ letting your mind run free⁃ Freudian⁃ no constraints⁃ reveals unconscious conflicts⁃ Blank screen behavior⁃ the therapist remains as neutral, ambiguous as possible⁃ Transference⁃ transferring onto the therapist some of those unresolved conflicts in the past⁃ transfer feelings and attitudes from key objects or persons in the past (probably parents or caretakers) into the present or the therapeutic moment⁃ may treat the counselor as a mother or father figure⁃ counter-transference⁃ when a therapist transfers unconscious feelings onto the client (NOT GOOD)⁃ Interpretation⁃ therapist gives meaning, or interprets the client's behavior⁃ the way that we heal in