Interpretive Structures Interpersonal StoriesMajor goal of InquiryTo determine the person's own strategies, plans, and frameworks for understanding the self and the worldTo discern or construct a narrative that depicts the psychosocial pattern or form of the person's life, embedded in a world of other persons.Points of EmphasisCognition and consciousness; meaning-making; the self as knower (subject) and known (object); values, beliefs, schemas, scripts, philosophies of life; subjective conscious experience.Interpersonal relationships; emotions; identity; story like quality of persons' lives; beginnings and endings in narrative goals motives; general themes in biographyPreferred Methods of Measuring PersonalityPhenomenological methods in which person describes subjective experience; cognitive methods such as Kelly's REP test; value surveysNarrative and biographical approaches; autobiography, personal documents (a diary or a blog), the Thematic Apperception Test.Representative Theorists and Theories• Albert Ellis • Aaron Beck• Carl Rogers - psychological interventions• Existentialism/phenomenology• Abraham Maslow• George Kelly• Self-determination theory• Social Cognition theories• Cognitive-developmental theories of self• Loevinger's ego development• Psychoanalysis- talk therapy• Henry Murray • McClelland's research on motives• Erik Erikson• Alfred Adler• Levinson's seasons of adulthood• Tomkin's script theory• Narrative's of identity• The postmodern selfLevels of Personality: (developed by Mcadams)• Life stories⁃ Internalized and evolving narratives of the self that people construct to integrate the past, present, future; and provide life with some sense of unity, purpose, & meaning• Characteristic adaptations⁃ More particular facets of personality that describe personal adaptations to motivational, cognitive, and developmental challenges & tasks• Dispositional traits⁃ Broad dimensions of personality that describe assumedly internal, global, and stable individual differences in behavior, thought, and feeling.Scientific Approach:1. Unsystematic observation2. Theory development⁃ Terminology⁃ Correspondence rule⁃ Hypotheses3. Hypotheses4. Sample Selection5. Operationalize variablesEllis: v behavioral and emotional consequencesA -> B -> C ^ belief/cognation ^ environmental antecedents- how do they all relate?- the events of our life influence how we think but how we think influences what we do- we don't become depressed because of our actions or because of what has happened to us, its all about what we