• Interventions⁃ Goodness of (person-environment) fit• Type A Personality⁃ Clusters of behavior include:⁃ High ambition/competitiveness ⁃ Time urgency/impatience⁃ Irritability⁃ Hostility⁃ Type A individuals have twice the risk for Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) than Type-B individuals.• Variables to think about when evaluating a test:⁃ Sample Characteristics and Size⁃ Representativeness⁃ Age⁃Gender⁃ Ethnicity⁃ Rural/Urban/Suburban⁃ Socioeconomic status• Measurement Principles⁃ Reliability: Consistency of the measure across time & items⁃ Test-retest reliability (consistent across time)⁃ Split-half reliability (consistent across items)⁃ Coefficient Alpha: mean of all possible split halfs⁃ Note: you cannot have validity without reliability, but you can have reliability without validity.⁃ Validity: "does the test measure what it says it measures?"⁃ Content Validity - does the content of items really relate to the trait under consideration?⁃ Criterion validity: extent to which a test correlates with independent criterion measures⁃ Concurrent/Predictive⁃ Construct Validity: do the test scores produce theoretically expected results?⁃ Convergent Validity - any new test should show that it wildly associates with any other testing instruments of the same type⁃ Discriminant
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