Slide 1Rorschach Inkblot TestSIGMUND FREUD (1856-1938)The Case against FreudSlide 5The case for FreudSlide 7BELIEFSBELIEFSBELIEFSBELIEFSPrinciples SurveyPrinciples SurveyPrinciples SurveyPrinciples SurveyPrinciples SurveyPrinciples SurveyPrinciples SurveySlide 19Slide 20Slide 21Key Ideas of PsychoanalysisKey Ideas of PsychoanalysisPsychoanalytic ApproachPsychoanalytic ApproachTopological Theory of the MindThe UnconsciousSlide 28Psychoanalytic Aspectsof PersonalityJANUARY 27, 2014Chapter 3Rorschach Inkblot Test•www.theinkblot.com•Is this version of the projective test valid?•A. Yes•B. No•C. Not sureSIGMUND FREUD (1856-1938)•Are Freud’s theories still relevant today?A. YESB. NO•http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990609,00.htmlThe Case against Freud•Freud’s theories are scientifically untestable because they can be stretched to explain any possible outcome, thereby making them immune to falsification.(Tallis, 1996)•The majority of opinion in psychiatry, medicine, and psychology today is that Freud’s ideas are of historical interest only.•(Tallis, 1996)The case for Freud•Freud’s ideas should not take an “all-or-nothing” approach.•Evidence for the unconscious, and for the process of repression, can be found in the research literature of modern psychology, although in a form that is somewhat modified from Freud’s original proposal.•The student of personality needs to keep an open mind about Freud’s ideas, while at the same time upholding the standards of evidence proposed by the scientific merit.BELIEFSRate your agreement with each of the following items on a 1-5 scale (1- no agreement to 5 = strong agreement)a. My parents have had a lot of influence over meb. Events that occurred when I was a very young child still have an effect on my life todayBELIEFSc. Sometimes when I am faced with temptation (like an appealing-looking but not nutritious dessert, or an opportunity to go to the beach when I had planned to study), I have a hard time resolving what to do.d.Sometimes another person will strongly overreact to a minor disagreement or conflict with me with a level of emotion that doesn’t make sense for such a small issue.BELIEFSe. I have had the experience of wanting to go to a specific place or do some specific activity or be with some specific person just because it seemed fun or appealing and then realizing that, in fact, there were some other important benefits that would come from doing that.BELIEFSf. I can get a better sense about what is bothering me if I pay attention to my dreams for a while.g. Sometimes in a conversation I will hear myself saying something that I hadn’t meant to say, which makes me really surprised or embarrassed because I don’t understand why I said that.•TOTAL YOUR SCORE.Principles Survey•Instructions: Respond to each statement by writing 1 for strong disagree2 for disagree3 for neutral4 for agree5 for strongly agreePrinciples Surveya. Events that occurred during childhood have no effect on one’s personality in adulthood.b. Sexual adjustment is easy for most people.c. Culture and society have evolved as ways to curb human beings’ natural aggressiveness.Principles Surveyd.Little boys should not become too attached to their motherse. It is possible to deliberately forget something too painful to remember.f. People who chronically eat, smoke, or chew gum have some deep psychological problems.Principles Surveyg.Competitive people are no more aggressive than noncompetitive people.h.Fathers should remain somewhat aloof to their daughters.i. Toilet training is natural and not too traumatic for most children.Principles Surveyj. The phallus is a symbol of power.k.A man who dates a woman old enough to be his mother has a problem.l. There are some women who are best described as “castrating witches”.Principles Surveym. Dreams merely replay events that occurred during the day and have no deep meaning.n.There is something wrong with a woman who dates a man old enough to be her father.o.A student who misses an exam and says “my grandmother lied . . . er, I mean died,” should be believed.Principles Survey•Reverse the scores on items, a, b, g, i, m, and o (let 1=5, 2=4, 3=3, 4=2, 5=1)•Total your score.Freud and Beyond: A History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought (Stephen A. Mitchell and Margaret J. Black)•Psychoanalysis Is Largely the Work of One Man•A. True•B. False•Contemporary Psychoanalysis, in Both Theory and Clinical Practice, Is Virtually the Same as It Was in Freud's Day.•A. True•B. False•Psychoanalysis Has Gone Out of Fashion.•A. True•B. FalseKey Ideas of Psychoanalysis•Psychic Determinism•The assumption leads directly to the conclusion that many important mental processes are unconscious.•Internal Structure•The mind has an internal structure made of parts that can function independently and, in some cases, conflict with each other.Key Ideas of Psychoanalysis•Psychic Conflict (and Compromise)•The ego’s main job, psychoanalysts now believe, is to find a middle ground between competing demands of motivation, morality, and practicality, and also among the many things a person wants at the same time.•Mental Energy•The psychological apparatus for the mind needs energy to make it go.Psychoanalytic Approach•Personality theory based on the writings of Sigmund Freud •A neurologist•Studied neurosis•Goal was a complete theory of humanity.•Emphasizes the unconscious processes of the mindPsychoanalytic Approach•Freud’s model of human nature relied on the notion of psychic energy to motivate all human activity. •Freud believed that there were strong innate forces that provided all the energy in the psychic system. He called these forces instincts.•The two instincts were usually referred to as libido for the life instinct and thanatos for the death instinct.Topological Theory of the Mind•Conscious•All the perceptions, memories, beliefs, and other mental contents that we are currently processing.•Preconscious•The components of mind that are not in immediate awareness but can be brought into conscious awareness voluntarily.The Unconscious•The portion of the mind of which a person is not aware. Contains the greatest portion of our identity.•Psychoanalytic techniques to access the unconscious:•Hypnosis•Free Association•Dream AnalysisDreamsManifest content the content of a dream that a person remembersLatent content the