• Cognitive-Behavioral Psychology - Aaron Beck:⁃ Developed psychotherapy model⁃ Believed many behavioral problems come from dysfunctional/maladaptive cognition⁃ Classification of cognitive distortions:⁃ All-or-none thinking⁃ Over generalization⁃ generalize one event to the rest of your life⁃ example: if one person says no to a date, then that person thinks they will never get a date⁃ Disqualifying the positive⁃ Jumping to negative conclusions⁃ predicting that something bad will happen as a result of something else⁃ Magnifying / minimizing⁃ underestimating or overestimating an issue⁃ Emotional reasoning⁃ "I feel fat, therefore I am"⁃ Personalizing⁃ when you see yourself as responsible for something your not⁃ example: kids feeling guilty for a divorce⁃ Therapy model used: "Socratic questioning"• Ken Dodge - Social Information Processing:⁃ 1. Encoding process-⁃ perception of social cues⁃ search for cues⁃ focus attention to cases⁃ 2. Interpretation process-⁃ Integration of memory store, goals, and new data⁃ Search for interpretations⁃ Match of data to programmed rule structure⁃ 3. Response Search process:⁃ search for responses⁃ Generation of potential responses⁃ 4. Response Decisions process:⁃ assessment of consequences of potential responses⁃ evaluation of adequacy of potential responses⁃ decision of optimal response⁃ 5. Enactment process:⁃ behavioral répertoire search⁃ emission of response• Dodge Model Evidence:⁃ 1. Data Interpretation Stage⁃ aggressive Ss more likely to decide that peer had acted with hostile intent⁃ Aggressive Ss predicted higher likelihood of future peer aggression⁃ 2. Response search stage⁃ aggressive Ss generated only 1 competent behavioral response⁃ 3. Interaction between interpretation and search stages⁃ when Ss made a hostile interpretation, aggressive responses followed (65%)⁃ when Ss made a benign interpretation, aggressive response were less likely (26%)⁃ 4. Implications for intervention⁃ multiple intervention options⁃ teach Ss to reconsider cognitions⁃ directly teach more problem solving