CLP3305 Exam 2 Study Guide CHAPTER 6 THE ASSESSMENT INTERVIEW Assessment in clinical psychology o Clinical assessment involves an evaluation of an individual s strengths and weaknesses a conceptualization diagnosis of the problem at hand as well as possible etiological factors and some treatment for alleviating the problem o The referral Why are you here Assessment begins with a referral It is important clinicians take pains to understand precisely what the question is or what the referral source is seeking the more precise the better o What influences how the clinician addresses the referral question The kinds of information sought out by clinicians are often heavily influenced by their own theoretical commitments EX confirmation bias you find what you re looking for EX If you align with Freud you will most likely ask childhood questions The interview o An interaction between at least 2 persons interviewers are using it to elicit data information beliefs or attitudes in the most skilled fashion possible Need information to fill out the cheat sheet o Interview vs tests interviews occupy a position somewhere between ordinary conversation and tests o The art of interviewing interviewing has often been regarded as an art however a considerable amount of research has been carried out on interviewing EX when to probe be silent or be indirect or subtle test the skill of the interviewer Interviewing essentials and techniques o The physical arrangements Setting privacy protection from interruptions fairly neutral office furnishings Anything in your office your clients can and will ask about o Note taking and recording o Consent Possible but unlikely the client will object use of audio and video taping should always be done with clinet R appor t often used to characterize clinical relationship The more the rapport the more the trust and the more the client is likely to open up share information o Let them know you re listening eye contact body language reflective listening Ways to build rapport with follow up questions o Empathy o Difficulties When patients realize that the clinician is trying to understand their problems in order to help them nonjudgmentally then a broad range of interviewer behavior becomes possible Can be challenging when the client is aware that the information collected during the interview likely will be used to determine a school placement meet employment criteria legal dispositions especially child custody or maltreatment allegations Communication o Role induction o The use of questions Facultative encourages client s flow of conversation Open ended gives clients responsibility and latitude for responding Clarifying encourages clarity or amplification Confronting challenges inconsistencies or contradictions Direct once rapport has been established and client is taking responsibility for conversation such questions can be efficient and useful Clinician s questions may become progressively more structured as the interview proceeds If therapists are to communicate effectively in the clinical role their communication must reflect understanding and acceptance o Listening o Gratification of self The clinical interview is not the time or place for clinicians to workout their own problems In some instances the client will ask personal questions usually clinicians should avoid discussing their personal lives or opinions however advice must be tempered by awareness of the reasons for the question EXAM QUESTION Is it ok to disclose personal information Most of the time no but there are rare cases where its ok not never o The clinician s values and background Clinicians must examine their own experiences and seek the bases for their own assumptions before making clinical judgments of others o The patient client s frame of reference the interview it is essential to have an idea of how the client views the first meeting records should be clear about the purpose of the interview it is imperative they remain focused and make referrals if needed clinician s should be prepared by carefully going over any existing if the clinician is going to be effective in achieving the goals of o The clinician s frame of reference Varieties of interviews o see if this will be on exam Reliability and validity of interviews validity not on exam o Reliability consistency agreement Inter rater or inter judger reliability index of the degree of agreement between two or more raters or judges as to the level of a trait that is present or the presence absence of a feature or diagnosis EX two raters should give similar scores if one gave a score of 105 and one gave 150 you know there s something wrong with someone s score and its not reliable Test retest reliability across time index of the consistency of interview scores across some period of time Extent to which an individual makes similar responses to the same test stimuli on repeated occasions Equivalent forms index of consistency of test scores across time but not vulnerable to practice effect completing the same test twice uses equivalent or parallel forms of a test Split half Internal consistency computed index of the internal consistency preferred internal index in which the average of all split half correlations is Computer interviewing o Advantages o Disadvantages Computer always asks all the questions assigned Reliability is 100 Less embarrassing and more comfortable for some patients Computers are impersonal and dehumanizing Only structured interviews can be employed Wording cannot be tailored to meet special needs of the client CHAPTER 7 THE ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGENCE Intelligence how do we define it o We have many definitions of it verbal puzzle tests etc o There is no universally accepted definition of intelligence however most have fallen into 3 classes 1 Adjustment or adaptation to the environment 2 Ability to learn 3 Emphasize abstract thinking Theories of intelligence Spearman vs Cattell The Intelligence Quotient IQ o Ratio IQ posited the existence of a g factor general intelligence and s factors specific intelligence o Spearman o Cattell theory emphasized 2 important second order factors Fluid ability a person s genetically based intelligence capacity capacities tapped by the usual standardized intelligence test or the capacities FLUID THINKING Crystallized ability that can be attributed to culture based learning CRYSTALLIZED LEARNING Described as a hierarchical model of intelligence MA mental age regarded by Binet as an index of
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