Clinical Counseling Psych 08 30 2012 Chapter 1 What is Clinical Psychology The field of Clinical Psychology integrates science theory and practice to understand predict and alleviate maladjustment disability and discomfort as well as to promote human adaptation adjustment and personal development Clinical Psychology focuses on the intellectual emotional biological psychological social and behavioral aspects of human functioning across the life span in varying cultures and at all socioeconomic levels What does a Clinical Psychologist do Very diverse 1 Therapy Intervention o The activity to which the most time is devoted o Many different types theoretical orientations o Eclectic Cognitive Psychodynamic and Behavioral are most common o Since the 1970s the percentage of clinicians adhering to a psychodynamic orientation has decreased and the percentage for cognitive orientation has increased o No couches well not many Mostly Diseases Depression Anxiety Substance Use Eating Disorders Schizophrenia other psychotic disorders Personality Disorders Many many more 2 Diagnosis Assessment o Gathering information to answer a question or solve a problem o Observation o Testing o Interviewing 3 Research scientists o Examples o Scientist practitioner model o Scientists make better clinicians clinicians make better Causes of mental disorders Development and validation of assessments Evaluation of therapy techniques 4 Administrative Duties o Client progress notes o IRB applications internal review board o Committees 5 Teaching o Undergraduate Courses o General Psychology Abnormal Psychology Personality etc o Graduate Courses o Psychopathology Assessment Intervention etc o 6 Consultation Sharing their expertise to increase the effectiveness of an agency legal systems called to help out Clinical Supervision Overseeing the clinical work of graduate students interns or postdocs Where do Clinical Psychologists work Clinical Psychology Training Programs Traditional Ph D Scientist practitioner model Integrates research and coursework with therapy Bring science to practice and practice to science o Differentiates clinical psychologists from other mental health professionals Clinical Psychology Training Programs 5 6 yrs Coursework Provides students with a strong scientific Practicum Work Supervised assessment therapy Research Master s thesis and Dissertation at Different expectations depending on foundation interviewing minimum program Qualifying Exam Can take many forms written oral literature review Internship Last year of training Work full time in a clinical setting Alternatives to a traditional Ph D program Psy D Master s program Professional schools Clinical science model What does a Counseling Psychologist do Activities overlap with Clinical Psychology Also call themselves therapists or psychologists Work with normal people with normal problems Group or individual counseling Educational or occupational counseling Career and vocational assessment Less involved in research Where do a Counseling Psychologists work Colleges and universities Usually housed in school of education rather than psychology department Hospitals Community mental health clinics Counseling Psychology Training Programs o Ph D o 4 6 year program o Year long internship o Dissertation required though lower research expectations o Sometimes more course work practicum experience required o Field of counseling psychology is much smaller than clinical o Fewer training programs and graduates Other Mental Health Professionals Psychiatry o Medical Doctors M D or D O o Attend medical school and general medical internship o Receive psychiatric training during 4 year residency o Prescribe psychotropic medications o No therapy o 15 minute medication management appointments Social Work o Group and individual therapy o Intense involvement with everyday lives of their clients o Less training o MSW 2 years o Fewer responsibilities than clinical psychologists School Psychology o Work with children with special needs o Conduct educational assessments o IQ and Achievement testing Warning The titles therapist and psychotherapist are not regulated by the government Legitimate mental health workers must o Document that they have obtained appropriate training o Pass a licensing exam o Maintain current knowledge 08 30 2012 Chapter 3 Models of Training in Clinical Psychology The Scientist Practitioner Model o 1949 The Boulder Conference o Training in university departments o Required clinical internship o Competence in diagnosis psychotherapy research o Ph D Principal guideline for training o Goal o Marry science and clinical practice Critics o Deemphasize research experience o Favor more direct and extensive training in clinical skills Models of Training in Clinical Psychology The Doctor of Psychology Psy D Degree o Compared to Ph D o More emphasis on clinical work o Less emphasis on research o Master s thesis not required o Qualitatively different dissertation Professional Schools o freestanding o Offer Psy D o Admit many students o 60 of doctorates in clinical psychology o CAUTION freestanding Depend on tuition Offer Psy D Little or no research training Admit many students Part time faculty 60 of doctorates in clinical psychology Most are not accredited Clinical Scientist Model 1991 Manifesto for a Science of Clinical Psychology Scientific clinical psychology is the only legitimate and acceptable form of clinical psychology Trends that may affect training models Over supply of practice oriented psychologists Managed health care Professional Regulation Licensing Education Doctoral degree from an APA accredited program Experience Examinations 1 2 years postdoc Prescription Privileges Pros clients Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology EPPP additional oral or essay o Provide a wider variety of treatments for a wider variety of Cons o Efficient cost effective o Competitive advantage o May be most qualified to prescribe medication o Prescription Privileges o Psychological treatments de emphasized o Damage relationship with psychiatry o Drug company sponsored research o Ethical Standards Psychologists work within the boundaries of their competence Obligated to protect confidential information and discuss limits of Competence Privacy Confidentiality confidentiality 1976 Tarasoff case Ethical Standards Human Relations Unfair discrimination Sexual harassment Dual relationships Chapter 4 08 30 2012 Clinical Psychology is a Science Our understanding
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