Exam 2 study guide Chapter 6 What is reliability The extent to which an assessment technique yields consistent repeatable results So you have to repeatedly get the same results consistency on a certain disorder For ex two doctors both agree that one patient has the same disorder to be consistent Always hitting the target in the same spot even if what you want to measure is not where you hit the target What are two forms of reliability Interrated consistency of results across different administrators Test retest consistency of results across multiple administrations at different times What is validity How well the assessment measures what it intends to measure Always hitting the same spot where you want to hit it so the bulls eye in darts Your outcome is what you expected What are the two types of validity Content the extent to which the assessment has content appropriate for what is being measured For ex I get flushed when im around other people I uncontrollably sweat when I speak in class Discriminant The extent to which the assessment does NOT correlate with assessments that measure something else Criterion related Predictive is significantly correlated with a future event Concurrent is correlated with independent measures of the same thing You can t be valid without being reliable you have to have reliability to have validity What does an assessment have to have to be useful It has to be reliable valid clinical utility These things benefit the client and the psychologist because it will help the client out in the long run What is a referral question The reason the client is seeking treatment testing or the reason the client was referred by someone else How do you address a referral Depends on the clinicians theoretical orientation What is an interview A major tool without the interview you will not get any information or understand what is actually going on it is an interaction with a goal in mind What are the essentials and techniques of interviews Physical arrangements designed to make someone feel comfortable which includes a couch and a chair warm lighting degrees hanging to show they are trained quiet room and private so the client feels safe and can open up to you and no interruptions so the client doesn t feel that there are more important than other things Note taking and recording Rapport is the relationship between the client and the clinician What happens if you do not have rapport You do not get anywhere the client should feel comfortable with the psychologist and have a positive relationship Types of Interviews Intake admission determine why the client is seeking service and judge whether the agency can meet the client s need so you let them know what to expect Case history Gather complete personal and social history which provides context on family medical treatment prior education employment etc Mental Status Exam general presentation orientation attention and calculation recall language complex commands Crisis Interviews meet problems as they occur and provide an immediate resource and deflect the potential for disaster You encourage the person to enter a relationship with a clinician Ex walk in clinics telephone hotlines Diagnostic Interview arrive at a DSM 5 diagnosis but researchers have developed structured diagnostic interviews What are the three types of structure interviews Unstructured structured and semi structured Chapter 7 1 What were the first intelligence tests for children and adults The first test for intelligence for children was the Binet Simon scale that assessed cognitive limitations among children The first test to assess adults was the Wechsler Bellevue Test 2 How has intelligence been defined There is no universally accepted definition but the definition often emphasizes the adjustment or adaptation ability to learn and abstract thinking 3 How did Spearman and Thurstone differ in their conceptualizations of intelligence Spearman believe that there was a G factor which was general intelligence and an S factors which were specific intelligence while Thurstone believed there wasn t a single g factor but several group factors 4 How are their ideas reflected in current IQ tests The idea we use today involves our mental age ma and our chronological age which is ca you compare the two 5 What is ratio IQ Ratio IQ was developed by Stern and you take your Mental Age and Divide it by your chronological age and x it by 100 It is the original way of measuring IQ 6 What is deviation IQ The deviation IQ is s a way of measuring an individual s generalized intelligence It uses statistics to analyze a person s intelligence relative to their age Deviation IQ is scored based on how an individual deviates from the average IQ of 100 It measures IQ as a normal distribution with the average IQ being a 100 with a standard deviation of 15 7 How do ratio IQ and deviation IQ differ This differs from the original way of measuring IQ which was using a ratio score which compared a person s mental age with their actual age Deviation IQ scores are intended to be more accurate and account for people who have very high scores on intelligence 8 What are the correlates of IQ Do gender differences in IQ exist The correlates of IQ are school success occupational status and job performance There are not significant differences in regards to gender but male do excel in spatial and quantitative and women verbal 9 What is the evidence that IQ is heritable Is IQ fixed The evidence that IQ is heritable is from the behavioral genetics study It is influenced by gens which means it is passed down through genes Hertiability less than 100 means that environment plays a role and environment plays an important role in childhood 10 How many genes do Dizygotic twins share 50 of genes 11 How many gees do monozygotic twins share 100 of their genes are shared 12 Does the correlation of IQ drop Yes it is the highest with identical twins at 86 than fraternal twins are 60 and after that it goes to siblings and so on 13 What is the Flynn Effect IQ scores increase approx 3 points each decade because there is more exposer more familiar with IQ tests or similar types of tasks 14 What are the common IQ assessments What do they have in common How are they different Common assessments are multiple tests that are frequently used They all have research support all results in an FSIQ and subscale scores they administered face to face and all have large carefully collected sets of normative data 15 Why are
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