West Africa WORLD MUSIC FINAL EXAM Isicathamiya a cappella call and response zulu music and Christian hymnody initially developed by black South African migrant laborer who worked in the mines became source of competition in 20th century Call and response back and forth alteration between different instruments or voice parts Polyvocality many voices music as a form of conversation in which people alternately speak in turn and all at once ability of polyvocality expresses a unified diversity of views and perspectives and is valued in many modes of social and conversational interaction in West Africa Jeliya jeli hereditary class of professional Mande musicians exclusive right obligation to preserve jeliya tradition traditionally sang praise songs for the king no sing for politicians and commercial music industry Kouyate Diabate and Sissoko families against Mande customs for non Jeli to practice jeliya especially if from royal lineage Seckou Keita father of royal lineage mother is a jelimoso grew up with mother s side and followed musical passions Dounuya Kora 21 string spike harp chordophone of the Mande people straight neck mounted onto a resonator which is a half gourd notched bridge Kumbengo layered ostinato based style used to accompany singing Birimtingo improvised melodic flourish Sataro improve slightly out of time and even speech like style of singing higher pitch range Fontomfrom royal Akan drum ensemble sign of king s authority power played when chief makes appearances dawuro bell from atumpan and eguankoba Musical syncretism blending the native music traditions with those of the new culture examples are the Lion King and hip hop Diaspora when a specific ethnic group nationality spreads out leaves its native homeland Apartheid legalized racism segregation Ang lique Kidjo born in Benin to musical family professional career began at age 20 international career in Paris won several Grammy s mixes Fon cultural roots with American soul R B funk and jazz activist and advocate for female education and women s rights Chimamanda Adichie African author and short story writer a storytelling feminist Latin America Bossa Nova founded by Jobim de Moraes and Gilberto associated with middle class Batida chords between the syncopated notes of the melody while the upper and lower guitar strings play chords samba rhythmic styles American jazz popular music Samba best known Brazilian music internationally African origins polyrhythmic textures built from layers of driving percussive rhythmic patterns call and response singing improv elements Tropic lia brought on a time of crisis repressive government political upheavel and competing intellectual cultural interests Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil influenced by bossa nova Beatles and Hendrix combine music and sociopolitical principles Os Mutantes psychedelic avant garde rock band style Tango vertical expression of a horizontal desire origins in the brothels and bars of Buenos Aires and moved to international stages in 1900s associated with lower class Cultural cannibalism Brazil should devour different elements of foreign culture and transform them into Brazilian culture products Oswalde de Adrade known for his criticism of Brazilian nationalism his argument is that Brazil s history of cannibalizing other cultures is its greatest strength while playing on the modernists primitivist interest in cannibalism as an alleged tribal rite Julajula interlocking parts of panpipe instruments played by the Quechua speaking Kalankira community of the allyu of Machu in Bolivia for harvest season Ayllu Andean people in Bolivia Peru and Ecuador importance of agriculture reflected in music music and tradition linked to particular seasons agricultural rituals life cycle events and religious ceremonies Santer a combines indigenous Yoruba religion with Catholicism veneration of saints vs veneration of Yoruba gods Bat ritual drumming practice Rumba all percussion and voice all rhythms derived from a single rhythm clave 3 congo drums the claves palito lead singer chorus music accompanies dancing lower class Rumba guaguanc dance supposed to imitate mating ritual between rooster and hen Celia Cruz Queen of Salsa Cuban American singer and performer with 23 gold albums and recipient of National Medal of Arts Tito Puente Newyorican heavily influenced by jazz and Cuban music Oye Como Va Carlos Santana diverse music influences jazz blues rock Latin dance covered Oye Como Va Celeste Mendoza mulatta queen of guaguanc Oye Como Va originally by Tito Puente covered by Carlos Santana and Tito Puente Jr Jr keeps flute incorporate keyboard less rock aesthetic than Santana Pan Latino identity blending American rock and Latin dance honoring difference while insisting on inclusion Cielito Lindo traditional Mexican verse chorus form supposedly composed by Quirino Mendoza y Cortes typical mariachi Mariachi symbol Mexican identity tied to negative condescending stereotypes trumpet vihuela guitar guitarr n male lead singer and chorus triple meter grito vocal interjections shouts hoots Frito Bandito corn chip commercials produced in the US between 1967 1971 exemplified Mexican stereotype Egypt Maqam similar to raga specific ascending descending pitches melodic patterns and ornaments modulation extramusical association Takht traditional ensemble of 5 instruments ud qanun nay violin riqq Zaar ancient healing ritual involving trance and possession illegal but embraced as part of the baladi tradition today re appropriations signs of cultural authenticity Zaar ritual led by older women focus on jinn called asyad multiday event mix of religious traditions Zaar rhythm duple meter changing intensity and tempo defined by 2 pitches dum low pitched and tek high pitched Dum tek D t D t D t D t Umm Kulthum most famous Arab singer musicality and understanding of Arab texts Islamic scripture literally and figuratively the voice of Egypt Badiaa Masabhi huge influence on Egyptian women s dance casino Badiaa commercial modernized dance increase use of arms adopted western Hollywood idea of Oriental dance dance movements and costume Samia Gamal prot g of Badiaa Masabhi innovator of Egyptian women s dance veil high heels mixed Middle Eastern and Western dance elements in raqs sharqi Sayyid Darwish Egyptian singer and composer father of Egyptian popular music new musical aesthetic Egyptian nationalism Muhammad Abd Al Wahhab greatest Arab modernist of the 20th century studied with Sayyid Darwish singer
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