Indonesia study guide Musical identification Javanese Gamelan 1 7 Balinese Gamelan 2 12 Kecak 2 13 Balinese Gamelan Beleganjur 2 14 Examples of the Gong Ageng Reyong and Kendang heard in the musical guided tour http michaelbakan com MGT Bakan 2e Ch7 MGT mp3 Instrument visual identification images titled on last page Gong Ageng o Largest gong in a gamelan performance o Female is the higher sounding gong o Male is the lower sounding gong Reyong Kendang o Metallophones o A set of four small hand held gongs each played by a separate performer played in an interlocking style main function is to elaborate the music s core melody o Membranophone o Female drum is the lower pitch o Male drum is the higher pitch Short Answer multiple choice and essay question topics Treat each word term topic as a short answer question small paragraph and create a comprehensive and concise response Your answer will address topics and issues that were discussed in class as they apply to the music culture identity religion etc of the Gamelan music from Indonesia An example of the answers you should provide to the questions follow as What is it How does it relate to the music culture politics religion Why is this element important Does it have it have any overarching applicability to the music culture at large Does this term relate to more than one element in the culture music If it does how Terms and definitions to know 1 Unity in diversity a What is it The national slogan of the Republic of Indonesia i How does it relate to the music culture politics religion Instituted to provide a framework for the preservation Indonesia study guide development and nationalization of the country s diverse cultures and cultural traditions ii Why is this element important Important in relation to Indonesian policies of cultural diversity preservation and development of indigenous cultural traditions and nationalism 1 Certain traditions including various forms of gamelan are especially prominent in the national image of Indonesia promoted under this slogan iii Does it have it have any overarching applicability to the music culture at large The modern contest style of beleganjur music originated in Bali s capital city has abundant government support as a musical symbol of Balinese Indonesian cultural nationalism 2 Kilitan Telu a What is it Set of three different interlocking rhythmic patterns that are an integral component of much Balinese music b Does it have it have any overarching applicability to the music culture at large Basis of the interlocking cymbal patterns in gamelan Beleganjur music and of the interlocking vocal patterns in kecak c How does it relate to the music culture politics religion Musical symbols of communal independence in Balinese society i Symbolizes a Balinese cultural vision of an integrated interdependent community d Does this term relate to more than one element in the culture music i Balinese people make a high priority of working together to in pursuit of their communal goals ii Each of the three rhythms are identical to the other two except for its placement in relation to the main beat but none of the rhythms are considered complete by themselves they need the other two to be whole a What is it Balinese Hindu religion representing a syncretism of Hindu Buddhist and indigenous Balinese elements literally means Religion of Holy Water b How does it relate to the music culture politics religion Common historical foundation in Hindu religious cultures which is reflected symbolically in the music i Gamelan music is central to the practices of Balinese Hinduism and is performed at virtually all religious ceremonies 3 Agama Tirta 4 Gong Cycle a What is it The recurring sequence of stokes on different gongs that serve as the foundation for gamelan music Indonesia study guide 5 Suara 6 Kecak i How does it relate to the music culture politics religion Gamelan gong keybar best known type of Balinese gamelan 1 Instrumentation features gangsa metallphones gongs of many types sizes and functions drums cymbals and other instruments a What is it Vocal genre of gamelan no instruments b Does it have it have any overarching applicability to the music culture at large Prominently used as a form of kilitan telu in Kecak a What is it Balinese dance drama that employs a gamelan suara as its sole musical accompaniment i Saura used in the form of kilitan telu b How does it relate to the music culture politics religion i Rooted in Sanghyang Dedari 1 Trance ritual in which vocal patterns were used to induce trance in spirit mediums Call on ancestral spirits to aid the village during times of crisis especially if they feared they were under siege by malevolent spirits ii Involves the enactment of episodes from a gran Hindu epic the Ramayana 1 The most popular plot involves the kidnapping of a beautiful princess by an evil king and her rescue by her beloved prince and his army of monkeys normal fairy tale except with monkeys a That s why the vocalist double as actors playing monkeys Music Genres How do religious beliefs influence structures found in gamelan music Gamelan beleganjur is performed during the cremation processions in the Hindu Balinese rituals The beleganjur group follows behind the cremation tower and the musicians play continuously during the procession Their purpose is to keep evil spirits away from the deceased so they never walk in a straight line that way the spirits get confused and can t follow The spinning of the cremation tower at the crossroads is accompanied by especially loud and intense beleganjur music This is meant to frighten any potential evil spirits present inspire strength to the carriers of the tower and embolden the spirit of the deceased Wayang Kulit What is it Shadow puppetry How is music used in a performance The play has three divisions and the music accompanying has a mode for each part individually Describe a performance e g who or what is involved Dhalang Indonesia study guide puppeteer the play falls into three main divisions defined by the planting of the kayon or gunungan tree or mountain in the center of the stage thus marking the line between the forces to the dhalang s right usually positive and the forces of left usually negative A gamelan orchestra is used Kecak What is it A Balinese dance drama that employs a gamelan suara as its sole musical accompaniment Describe a performance The small group of Sanghyang Dedari expands into a huge rhythmic chorus and gamelan gong
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