Indonesia Study Guide chapter 7 Count to 5 in Bahasa 1 satu 2 dua 3 tiga 4 empat 5 lima Bahasa greetings Selemat pagi good morning Selemat siang good midday Selemat sore good late afternoon Selemat malam good evening Know the five Adzan Subuh before sunrise Zuhur at noon Ashar 3 pm Maghrib sunset around 6 pm Isya 7 pm Balinese traditional clothing udeng men s headwear batik men s shirt kebaya women s shirt sarung wrap worn by men and women saput used by men worn over the sarung selendang waist sash worn by women Timeline page 86 1 13th Century 1906 Pre colonial era Hinduism and Buddhism brought to Bali from Java 1906 1908 Bali colonized by the Dutch gamelan gong kebyar musical style emerges 1933 German film Insel der D monen Island of Demons featuring kecak performance 1945 Republic of Indonesia declared 1986 New contest musical style kreasi beleganjur emerges Study Items Indonesia 88 spans from Sumatra in the west to Papua in the east close to 6 000 of Indonesia s islands are inhabited became independent nation in 1945 world s largest Islamic nation both geographically and in population Bali 88 one of more than 17 000 islands in the Southeast Asian nation of Indonesia very small but densely populated with more than 3 million people living there home to very large tourist industry gamelan 88 means ensemble or orchestra used in reference to a diverse class of mainly percussion dominated music ensembles found on Bali Java and several other Indonesian islands usually consist of a large number of individual instruments played by multiple performers each gamelan is conceived of in its entirety as a single music instrument Java 89 Bali s neighboring island to the west more than 120 million people over half of Indonesia s entire population live here Jakarta 89 capital of Indonesia country s largest city with a population of 14 million people one of world s most densely populated metropolises located in northwestern portion of Java Surakarta 89 Yogyakarta 89 other major Japanese cities both located in the province of Central Java they are home to the great musical traditions of Central Javanese court gamelan Dutch colonialism 89 before Indonesia became an independent nation most of its lands including Bali were formerly Dutch colonies or Dutch occupied territories Bali didn t come under Dutch colonial rule until 1906 1908 much later than Java and other islands Bahasa Indonesia 89 national language a derivative of Malay though more than 300 other languages are spoken by members of the country s 300 plus ethnic groups each of which has its own distinctive culture 2 national slogan 89 Indonesia s national slogan Unity in Diversity was instituted to provide a framework for the preservation development and nationalization of the country s diverse cultures and cultural traditions Indonesia and Islam 89 almost 90 percent of Indonesians are Muslims although the religion is practiced in many varied forms that often represent syncretism s with earlier Hindu Buddhist and indigenous belief systems Bali and Hinduism 89 Bali is the only province of Indonesia in which Hinduism is the majority religion Bali is the only world society outside of the Indian subcontinent in which the majority of the population is Hindu Balinese Hinduism is a unique religion and is a syncretic faith blending elements of Hinduism and Buddhism with earlier layers of indigenous Balinese spiritual belief and practice Gamelan music is central to the practices and is performed at all ceremonies Ramayana 89 98 Mahabharata 89 great mythic Hindu epics Agama Tirta 89 Religion of Holy Water what Balinese Hinduism is also known as Odalan in class Temple s Birthday Hindus in Bali celebrate the birthday of their local temple every 210 days Odalans commemorate the anniversary of a temple s consecration Because the Balinese Pawukon calendar is 210 days long this happens roughly every seven months according to the Gregorian calendar Most often odalans last about three days though the festivities can go on for a week or more Before an odalan people are busy preparing food and other offerings and decorating the temple An odalan consists of worship services presentations of such offerings as food money and flowers in the temple and special anointings After religious services there are huge feasts music and dancing and puppet plays Balinese calendar in class The Balinese observe besides the Gregorian calendar two completely different and not synchronized calendars the Balinese pawukon calendar a numeric calendar of 210 days per year the Balinese saka calendar a lunisolar calendar starting every Nyepi a Balinese Day of Silence that is commemorated every Isakawarsa Saka new year according to the Balinese calendar in 2014 it falls on March 31 Majapahit 89 a Hindu Javanese culture that brought Hinduism to Bali many centuries ago influenced most of the major forms of Balinese gamelan and related arts dances dance dramas shadow puppetry Bali Aga 90 Original Balinese in certain Balinese villages such as Tenganan and Trunyan people follow indigenous religious faiths that have not absorbed the Hindu or Buddhist layers of influence that largely define Agama Tirta Triloka 90 in the Hindu Balinese conception of the universe there are three worlds Triloka the Upper World is the domain of the gods and venerated ancestors who 3 reside in the heavens above Mount Agung the volcano that gave birth to Bali where the Three Shapes of the supreme Hindu deity dwell the Middle World or Balinese cosmology is Bali itself the Lower World beginning where land meets sea is the realm of evil spirits and malevolent creatures Ganesh in class is a widely worshipped deity in the Hindu pantheon His image is found throughout India and Nepal Although he is known by many attributes Ganesha s elephant head makes him easy to identify Ganesha is widely revered as the remover of obstacles the patron of arts and sciences and the deva of intellect and wisdom As the god of beginnings he is honored at the start of rituals and ceremonies Ganesha is also invoked as patron of letters and learning during writing sessions bhutas and leyaks 90 evil spirits and malevolent creatures that live in the Lower World pose a constant threat to humankind List on page 91 features characteristic of both Balinese and Javanese gamelan music Related types of instruments bronze gongs bronze metallophones drums end blown bamboo flutes bowed chordophones A basis in cyclic musical forms Related tuning systems
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