Microbiology Test 3 Study Guide QUIZLET http quizlet com ajbaugus2 folders micro exam 3 Password is at the end of this study guide Has notecards for all mastering microbiology and lectures PAY ATTENTION TO BOLDED MATERIAL it is from the review KEY CONCEPTS Gram negative vs Gram positive bacteria examples Mechanisms of disease transmission Common reservoirs of infectious agents Factors contributing to emerging infectious diseases Antibody structure and functions Methods to acquire adaptive immunity naturally artificially active passive Consequences of complement activation Endotoxin gram vs exotoxin gram Methods of vaccine development Lecture 17 18 Bacteria Cell type Peptidoglycan Membrane lipids First AA in protein synthesis Antibiotic sensitivity No Bacteria Characteristics Archea Prokaryote No Branched chains ether linkage Methionine Bacteria Prokaryote Yes Straight chain ester linkage Formylmethionine Eukarya Eukaryote No contains carbs Straight chains ester linkage Methionine Yes No Peptidoglycan walls Ester linked lipids Single circular ds DNA May also have plasmids 70S ribosomes Prokaryotes 2 groups o Peptidoglycan rRNA signature Domain bacteria know the general idea about each bacteria and know if it is gram positive or negative Proteobacteria Gram negative thin peptidoglycan outer mem LPS The outer membrane makes it harder to kill by antibiotics Most human pathogens Alpha Rhizobium Nitrogen fixation Agrobacterium Plant pathogen insert a plasmid into plant cells inducing a tumor Transgenic plant Rickettsia Obligate intracellular parasite mitochondrial origin arthropod borne spotted fevers Beta Gamma Neisseria meningitidis gonorrhoeae Bordetella pertussis AKA whooping cough Burkholderia Noscomial infections Spirillum Enterics E Coli Salmonella Shigella Yersinia relatives The Vibrios cholerae Haemophilus H Influenzae causes meningitis pneumonia Pseudomonas opportunistic metabolically diverse polar flagella Azotobacter and Azomonas nitrogen fixing Moraxella conjuctivitis Legionella streams pneumophilia Coxiella intracellular parasite Q fever transmitted by aerosols or milk not insects Francisella Delta Bdello Prey on other bacteria desulfo uses S instead of O2 Epsilon Helicobacter Peptic ulcers multiple flagella acidophillic Campylobacter diarrhea o Gram positive bacteria Thick peptidoglycan Tetichoic acids Endospore formers Bacillus and Clostridium no endospores lactobacillales Wall less forms Mycoplasmas Acid fast mycobacteria o The low GC gram positive bacteria firmicutes 1 The Bacillus class Bacillus anthracis thuringiensis insecticide the aerobic endospore formers rods The Streptococcus many pathogens pyogenes scarlet fever pharyngitis sore throat cocci The Staphylococcus Aureus Listeria monocytogenes C Botulinum causes botulism C tetani causes tetanus 2 The Clostridial class obligate anaerobic spore formers 3 The wall less bacteria Mycoplasma smallest genomes o The high GC gram positive bacteria Actinomyces Streptomyces soil Mycobacterium and other acid fast bacteria o Chlamydia obligate intracellular parasites life cycles associated diseases Life cycle elementary non growing reticulate vegetative cell can t make ATP o Spirochaetes axial filaments Domain Archea Treponema Borrelia Microbial diversity pallidum syphilis burgdorferi lyme disease o Extremophiles hyperthermophiles extreme halophiles methanogens o Size o Many not identified not cultured need special nutrients complex food chains requiring products of other bacteria STUDY THE NOTECARDS ON QUIZLET http quizlet com ajbaugus2 folders micro exam 3 password for all sets noles Lecture 19 Principles of Disease and Epidemiology Etiology the study of the cause of a disease Infection does not equal disease Normal microbiota and the host Normal permanently colonize the host Transient microbiota can be present for days to months Symbiosis relationship between normal microbiota and host o GI tract and bacteria sea anemone and hermit crab o Mutualism Parasitism Infectious disease process Parasitism organism benefits at expense of other o Parasitism mutualism Reestablishment of a healthy host occurs Mutualism both organisms benefit o Commensalism one organism benefits the other is unaffected o Microbial antagonism competition between microbes o Normal microbiota protect host o Probiotics live microbes put into the body for benefit Koch s Postulates 1 Detect agent in host 2 Isolate pure culture 3 Induce disease 4 Re isolate Microorganisms isolated from dead animal Grown on a pure colony Exceptions be able to list Injected into a healthy host Isolated from animal and identified o Some pathogens cause several diseases one pathogen can have different symptoms o Some only cause disease in humans o Some need cofactors will not develop without them o Disease development can take years Infectious diseases Noncommunicable a disease that is not transmitted from one host to another Communicable spread from one host to another Contagious easily spread from host to another Occurrence of Disease Sporadic occurs occasionally in a population Endemic constantly present in a population Epidemic acquired by many hosts in a given area in a short time Pandemic disease worldwide epidemic Reservoirs of Infection know the three and know examples Continual sources of infection o Human AIDS can be latent carriers may have unapparent infections o Animal Rabies zoonoses may be transmitted to humans o Nonliving Tatanus soil and water Transmission of disease Contact o Direct requires close association between infected and susceptible host kissing sex o Indirect fomites tissue bedding cups money o Droplet Transmission via airborne droplets o Transmission by inanimate reservoir food water o Mechanical carries pathogen on feet flies feces food o Biological pathogen reproduces in vector lymes John Snow and Cholera know this dude Relationships of human disease agents Study of disease in populations Where and when diseases occur o Occurrence o Distribution o Control and prevention Nightingale sanitation modern type of nursing epidemic typhus Vehicle Vectors Epidemiology Surveillance CDC o Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Morbidity incidence of disease Mortality death from disease Morbidity rate of people affected in certain time Mortality rate deaths from disease in given time WHO world health organization Lecture 20 Nosocomial Infections and emerging infectious diseases EIDs Nosocomial Infections Hospital acquired 5 15 of patients Lister used carbolic
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