Spring 2015 Final Exam Review EXAM is Wed April 29 12 30 2 30 p m in DIF 201 BRING A PENCIL AND BE ON TIME 90 questions 100 points STUDY THE POWER POINT and iTextiles SLIDES and e textbook FOR ALL THE CHAPTERS NOTES WE HAVE COVERED IN CLASS LISTED BELOW THE QUESTIONS BELOW ARE A GUIDE BUT NOT THE ONLY TERMS ETC COVERED a Federal Trade Commission FTC b Consumer Product Safety Commission CPSC force regulations responsible for wool fur and textile labeling acts and care labeling rule Labels inform consumers and get word out to manufacturers Care labeling how to care for garment required in U S fiber content and directions flammable fabrics Responsible for standards coved by flammable fabrics act burden of fire and other hazards on the quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and standards research training and education NOT GOV T AGENCY Trade Association mission is to reduce the worldwide any recalls to products big one is c National Fire Protection Association NFPA d Textiles are tested in accordance with standardized methods developed by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC and ASTM International formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials e Fabriclink f Cotton Inc apparel distribution company goal is to introduce the finest European fashions to North America To increase the demand for and profitability of cotton through research and promotion and to ensure that cotton remains the first choice among consumers in apparel and home products Websites COLORATION Dyeing Colorants is a broad term that includes natural dyes synthetic dyes and pigments used to color textiles dyes natural and synthetic and pigments 3 things needed for color to be perceived light source object observer for user satisfaction color at time of purchase and ability of a product to retain that color are critical What are the some of the problems with colors fading etc color loss due to perspiration fading color lightens to exposure to light bleach salt water washing dry cleaning rubbing crocking and frosting mild or severe abrasive action when an item is worn or used bleeding out in the wash migrating to other parts of the fabric What is the difference between dyes and pigments Dyes substances that add color to textiles Incorporated into fiber by chemical reaction absorption or dispersion Commonly used to color textiles materials at all stages of dyeing Dyes can be natural or synthetic Soluble low resistance fade easier Pigments an insoluble incapable of dissolving finely divided substance such as titanium dioxide used to deluster or color fibers yarns or fabrics Pigments are used in solution dyeing or mass pigmentation Used to add color to materials not considered dyes bc do not react or get absorbed by fiber Not absorbed by fabric doesn t fade more expensive longer lasting than dye very toxic can be used for all fibers More commonly used for printing What are the different stages at which coloration can be applied to textiles and the terminology related to each Solution dyeing dope or spun dyeing process of adding pigments or insoluble dyes to a solution before it is extruded through the spinneret Only manufactured fibers can be solution dyed Excellent colorfastness properties Used for difficult to dye fibers Being used for environmental reasons More expensive Gel dyeing used only for fibers produced by the wet spinning process as color is added in chemical bath after fibers have been extruded through spinneret Fiber dyeing dye fibers at various stages of manufacturing process prior to fibers being spun into yarns Different types refer to stage at which fiber is when it is dyed Dye penetration is excellent Color is permanent Amount of dye used is higher Typically used to dye wool and other fibers that are used to produce yarns with 2 or more colors Not suitable for quick response orders Stock dyeing dyeing of raw fibers stock before they are aligned blended and spun into yarns Top dyeing dyeing of wool fibers after they have been combed to straighten and remove the short fibers wool fibers after they have been combed are known as top Tow dyeing the dyeing of filament fibers before they are cut into short staple fibers Filament fibers at this stage are known as tow Yarn dyeing adds color at the yarn stage Adequate color absorption good penetration Not for thick and highly twisted yarns Used when different colored yarns are used in construction of fabrics plaids checks stripes Used to dye thick fabrics in solid colors because fabric dyeing doesn t have good penetration for thick fabrics 2nd most expensive Skein dyeing yarns are loosely wound into hanks or skeins and then dyed Good dye penetration Process is slow and comparatively more expensive Used primarily for bulk yarns used for knitting Package dyeing yarns that have been wound in perforated spools are dyed in a pressurized tank Process is faster but dye uniformity may not be as good as that of skein dyed yarn Space dyeing a yarn dyeing process used to produce yarns with 2 or more colors that are typically repeated in the same sequence throughout the length of the yarn Piece dyeing fabric dyeing fabric after it has been constructed Economical Most common method of dyeing solid colored fabrics Decision can be made after fabric has been constructed Suitable for quick response orders Solid colors 100 fiber content Dyeing of fabrics with more than 1 fiber type Union dyeing a method of dyeing a fabric containing 2 or more types of fibers or yarns to the same shade so as to achieve the appearance of a solid colored fabric Used to dye solid colored blends and combination fabrics commonly used for apparel and home furnishings Cross dyeing a method of dyeing blend or combination fabrics to 2 or more shades by the use of dyes with different affinities for the different fibers Suitable for quick response Cost effective Typically mistaken for fiber or yarn dyed materials as fabric is not a solid color Dyeing different fibers different colors Product dyeing garment dyeing dyeing of a garment or product after it has been constructed Suitable when all components are dyed the same shade including threads advantages ideal for quick response All components dyed same shade disadvantages not commonly used for apparel with many components each component may dye differently Which are the most and least expensive Cost is higher for solution and fiber dyeing and lower for piece dyeing Fiber dyeing more expensive than