CTE 1401C FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE:1. In addition to the last chapters we covered in lecture since Exam 3, be sure to know the fiber categories on Page 16. We have not had any questions that required you to know where all of the fibers fit in the categories. AND the properties of each of the categories (such as burning behavior, hydrophilic or hydrophobic, etc)Natural fibers consist of cellulose :rubbermineralprotein•Cellulose consists of cotton, kapok, milkweed, flax, ramie, jute, kenaf, hemp, leaf andother. •Protein consist of all animal hair and silk. Manufactured fibers consist of :regeneratedinorganicsynthetic•Regenerated has cellulose and protein parts.•Inorganic is glass, ceramic, and metallic. •Synthetic consist of nylon, aramid, polyester, acrylic, olefin, spandex, and more.2. There are several organizations (some governmental, some not) that we have discussed in this class. Know the purpose/function of the following:a. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) - it promotes consumer protection and elimi-nates and prevents anticompetitive business practicesb. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) - is responsible for recalls on productsc. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - creates and maintains private, copyrighter, standards, and codes for usage and adoption by local governmentd. American Apparel and Footwear Association (AAFA) - Oeko-Tex-An interna-tional testing and certification system for textiles, limiting the use of certain chemicals.e. American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) -provides test method development, quality control materials, and professional networking for textile professionals globallyf. ASTM - develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and servicesChapter 24: Physical and Mechanical Finishes (Aesthetic finishes slides)What is the difference between aesthetic and functional finishes?•A functional finish enhances the performance of the material.How are finishes classified based on how long they remain in or on the fab-ric?There are three different types of finishes based on how long they can remain in or on a fabric. 1. Permanent- lifetime of the product.2. Durable- specific lifetime.3. Temporary- removed after one or two laundering or dry cleaning.What types of fibers can be heat-set permanently? •Heat-sensitive fibers such as thermoplastic fibers are subjected to finishes involving heat treatmentHow can a durable finish be applied to a natural fiber?Durable finishes can be applied to a natural fibers through:•resin (chemical) •mechanical treatments. What is a calendar? An embossing calendar?•Calendaring - is when a fabric passes between a series of two or more rollers to smooth the fabric or create interesting surface effects. •Embossing - is when a pattern is pressed onto the fabrics.How is fabric polished, glazed or cired?•Glazed - fabric is made by saturating fabric with starch or resin, slightly dried, and fed into a machine rapidly moving with a heated roller; this also polishes the fabric. •Cired - fabric is made with thermoplastic fibers that fuse slightly under heat of rollers. What is moiré?•Morie - fabric has a watered of clouded appearance. It is created by being rolled through smooth moire rollers with enormous pressure.•Eamples: #66B and #66A in your manual.How can embossing be made permanent? •Embossing is made durable when applied to fabrics with resin treatment.What is brushing and napping?•Brushing - is when fabrics made from staple fibers may be brushed to remove loose fiber from fabric surface•Examples: #64B and #64A in your manual. •Napping - is when fibers ends are brushed up onto a fabrics surface to achieve a deeper pile. A machine with hook-like projections catch fibers and pull them to the fabric surface. •Example: #63B and #63A in your manual.What is dimensional stability in fabric?•This is a fabrics reaction to shrinking. What is fulling of wool?•Fulling is when fabrics are subjected to mechanical action in the presence of moisture andwith moderate heat. How is pulled wool different from felt?•It is inferior in quality and is less lustrous and elastic.Chapter 25: Chemical Finishes (Functional finishes slides)Functional Finishes-enhance performance of material.What are some examples of functional finishes?•water repellent•flame resistantWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of wrinkle-resistant finishes?Advantages:•Chemicals are applied which bond chemically in the amorphous areas of the fibers (which normally wrinkle easily) and develop stronger bonds which give the fibers a “memory” that causes the fabric to return to its unwrinkled position quickly Disadvantage:•Lost favor because fashions changed and because the finishing process caused problems with the durability of the garments (pilling, abrasion, yellowing)What are the environmental conditions that cause static electricity to de-velop?•Conditions for static electric charge build-up are cool, dry environment•Manufactured fibers build up static electric charges because they are hydrophobic and do not allow conduction of electrical chargesHow do fabric softeners work? Coat yarns to allow some slippage, feels softer. May be permanently ladded during manufactur-ing. How can they also reduce static? What are some disadvantages of using them?•Can make oil stains on polyester. •Reduces absorption.What is the fire triangle?Fire Triangle-As defined by the National Fire Protection Association:In order for there to be a fire, three elements must be present:• Oxygen • Fuel• Heat What are the requirements for meeting flammability requirements for cloth-ing and other textile products? A piece of fabric placed in holder at a • 45 degree angle and exposed to a flame for one second must not spread flame up the length of the sample in less than • 3.5 seconds for smooth fabrics or • 4.0 seconds for napped fabricsHow do requirements for children’s sleepwear differ from other require-ments?• In 1972 children’s sleepwear was specifically regulated (sizes 0-6x)• Flammable children’s sleepwear banned• In 1975 the act was expanded to include (sizes 7-14)• In 2000 amended again to exclude snug-fitting infants’ sleepwearChapter 27 Textiles and the Environment (will be lecture on Wed. Dec. 4)What is sustainability?•The ability to