MUH2051 INDIA Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide Below is a list of topics and items that are important for our study of Indian music Treat each topic as a short answer question and provide a small paragraph of information as a study tool for yourself Differences between North and South India in regards to music culture and religion o These differences exist because of ethnic linguistic and religious diversity 1 652 dialects in India Hinduism Buddhism Islan Jainism Christianity Sacred hymns poetic descriptions of gods and nature ritual and blessing The religious texts of Hinduism o The Vedas Rig Veda Sama Veda Yajur Veda Atharva Veda Memorized by Brahmins Oral transmission Hearing Vedas considered auspicious o What are they what is contained in the texts Be able to discuss all aspects of the caste system o Pyramid groups top to bottom The Brahmins priests and teachers Kshatriyas warriors and rulers Vaishyas farmers merchants artisans etc Shudras laborers Dalit untouchable polluted laborers o Social stratification o Ascribed vs achieved status o Buddhism Be able to discuss raga 2 23 o What is it In Indian Classical music a complete and self centered system that serves as the basis for all the melodic materials in any composition or performance created in that raga Precise melody forms Not a scale and not a mode Each raga has its own ascending and descending melodic movement Microtones Stress particular notes o What are the different parts of a raga Their characteristics Alap MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide Opening slow and abstract movement Introduces the raga and establishes the skill and technique of the instrumentalist Jor Gat Jhala Transition between the Alap and the Gat The main selection of a Hindustani raga performance The concluding selection in a Hindustani raga o Know the concept of growth barhat as it applies to raga or other elements Growth and development of music The musician contains all of the knowledge of the music A template for musical action The music grows from his or her experiences with the music and the instrument Philosophical and spiritual underpinnings Limitless number of paths to be taken in a performance The music follows a pre determined form Nurtures the process of growth Philosophical spiritual and musical ideas from Indian permeate music around the world The Beatles The Rolling Stones The Who Tool Nada Brahma o The sound of god o The divine source of all sound Instruments to know both visually and aurally Listening examples will come from both the CDs that accompany the textbook as well as the clips shown in class during the lecture o Sitar Long necked plucked chordophone Resonating gourd body Scalloped neck 20 arched movable frets 18 20 strings 5 melody 2 drone 13 sympathetic MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide o Tambura Drone instrument Only 4 or 5 strings Tuned to the fundamental pitches Vadi the fundamental pitch of raga Timbre is produced by thin threads that run underneath the strings o Tabla Pair of hand drums Smaller drum Tabla or Dahina Made of wood Larger drum Bayan Made of metal MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide Goatskin heads Weighted spot Bols Theka Drum language The basic skeletal drumming pattern Information to know from Andre s guest lecture What is Dhrupad o India mostly Hindu Hindu rulers o Oldest form of Hindustani Classical Music still practiced o Male musicians o Improvised vocal and composed devotional music o Raga o Tal o Drone o Prominent musician Tansen o 80 20 Rule Rhythm Meter Melody What is Qawwali o Mughal empire o Sufi Music o Islamic devotional Music o Raga and Tal o Mix of text and improvisation What is Khayal o Mughal empire accepted diversity o Niyamat Khan descendent of Tansen mixed Dhrupad and Qawwali o Male musicians o Raga Tal o Muslim devotional Hindu devotional and secular o Became the most popular Indian Classical music o 20 80 rule How do Dhrupad and Qawwali relate to Khayal o Rhythm instruments o Khayal melodic accompaniment Why did artistic development occur under the Mughal empire o Mix of cultures MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide Instruments to know o Harmonium o Sarangi o Mridangam o Morsing Who are the devadasis Why were they ultimately banned in India o Girls who are dedicated to worship and service of a diety or temple for the rest of her life o Outlawed in India in 1988 because reformists thought it supported prostitution MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide What is Konnakol o Vocal performance of percussion syllables Be familiar with the history of Bollywood o Bollywood India s biggest film industry Popular throughout the world Language Hindi Urdu with some English Generally include song and dance performances Songs from films are a large part of popular music o Know some of the important dates that were discussed in the lecture 1947 Indian Independence 1951 Awara wide appeal across the world 1957 Mother India Oscar nominated o Know the most prominent singers in Bollywood Kundan Lal Saigal Introduces new style of singing Softer and more suited for microphones Lata Mangeshkar First popular for her distinctive higher voice Recorded greatest amount of songs in history 25 000 Career 1942 present Playback Singers Sunidhi Chauhan Rahat Fateh Ali Khan Shreya Gosal Sonu Nigam Actors Sahrukh Kahn Aishwarya Rai Kajol Salman Khan o The importance and role of playback singers Artists who record the songs for films Became popular in the 1940s A few artists record most of the music MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide INDONESIA Musical identification on CDs o Javanese Gamelan 1 7 o Balinese Gamelan 2 12 o Kecak 2 13 o Balinese Gamelan Beleganjur 2 14 o I Wayan o Examples of the Gong Ageng Reyong and Kendang heard in the musical guided Ethnic Fusion and Batuan Balawan 2 17 tour http michaelbakan com MGT Bakan 2e Ch7 MGT mp3 Instrument visual identification o Gong Ageng Great gong The largest gong s in a gamelan Female lower pitch and Male higher pitch versions o Reyong Metallophones Set of four small hand held gongs each played by a separate performer played in an interlocking style Main function to elaborate the music s core melody o Kendang Membranophone Female lower pitch and Male higher pitch versions MUH2051 Combined India and Indonesia Study Guide Short Answer multiple choice and essay question topics Treat each word term topic as a short answer question small paragraph and create a comprehensive and concise
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