Stuart Hall Representation Meaning and Language Film Final Representation the production of meaning of the concepts in our minds through language The link between concepts and language which enables us to refer to objects in the world either real or imaginary Two Systems of Representation o Conceptual Maps objects in the world is correlated with concepts in the mind where ideas become objects all of these concepts can be connected o Language where one s conceptual map is translated into a common language so that we can correlate our concepts and ideas with certain written words spoken sounds or visual images Be familiar with Conceptual Maps and Signs o Conceptual Maps a concept in one s own mind can be correlated or connected to a certain object in the world Idea comes before object but everyone s conceptual maps can be shared and connected with one another o Signs general term used for words sounds or images that carry meaning Any word sound or image that functions as a sign and is organized with other signs into a system is known as a language James Lull Hegemony Hegemony the power or dominance that one social group holds over other also a method for gaining and maintaining power The hegemonic ideologies control all sources and power of the media therefore controlling what goes into the media which is then seen by the public o If any ideology is against the hegemonic then they will not be shown or seen on the popular media giving them a small following compared to larger medias o If these alternative ideologies are shown they are shown in a bad light where the hegemonic where turn into a bad thing and have the public wanting the hegemonic ideology even more Louis Althusser Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses Ideological State Apparatus ISA function by way of teaching and living produce the ideas people live with o Religion Education School Media Family Repressive State Apparatus RSA function by force a collective unit o Government Courts Legal System Police Armed Forces Reproduction of labor power is ensured by giving the labor power the material means with which to reproduce itself through wages o Minimum needed so the labor power keeps coming back for more o Enough to produce children future labor power Benedict Anderson Introduction to Imagined Communities Imagined Community our nation is imagined because even the members of the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow members meet them or even hear of them yet each member believes he she lives the image of their communion o Limited imagined as limited because even the largest of them encompassing billions of people has a finite boundary due to other countries o Sovereign the nation was created as sovereign a person is free but within the guidelines and boundaries of the government ruling o Community each country is conceived as a system of people like the 12 districts in the Hunger Games United States has its cities and states Earth has its countries Julie Grossman Film Noir s Femme Fatales Hard Boiled Women Criticism femme fatale is an illusion and a myth that feeds culture gender fantasies o The presence of femme fatale in Film Noir is drastically overstates and almost exclusively the result of male projections o Women in Film Noir frequently show complex psychological and social identity Omni and Winant Racial Formation Their understanding of race Want to avoid race as completely non essential to human society but also want to avoid race as a main superficial indicator Understanding they oppose o Race is an Essence o Race is an Illusion Fixed concrete objective race is a matter of innate characteristics Race does not actually exist just an ideological construct Racial Formation socio historical process by which racial categories are created inhabited transformed and destroyed How Race Came to Be Before the Europeans came over to America every group of people did not classify as a race because all were the same o Until Columbus came over and found the Native Americans the categories of race began Columbus and the other whites saw the Native Americans as different or the others while the Native Americans thought the same of them Science and Racial Hierarchies race was conceived as a biological concept a matter of species Voltaire writes that the negro race is a species of men different than ours as the breed of spaniels is different from that of greyhounds Wing Sue et al Racial Microaggressions in Everyday Life Micro aggressions embody the idea of contemporary racism more than old fashioned racism because the statements and remarks made towards racial minorities now are more covert and subtle instead of old fashion s in your face and obvious racist remarks Sharon Bird Welcome to the Men s Club Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity Hegemonic Masculinity the maintenance of practices that institutionalize men s dominance over women and is constructed in relation to women and to subordinate masculinities Homosociality specifically the nonsexual attractions held by men or women for members of their own sex o Promotes clear distinctions between hegemonic masculinities and nonhegemonic masculinities by the segregation of social groups Three Concepts of Hegemonic Masculinity o Emotional Detachment maintains both clear individual identity boundaries and the norms of hegemonic masculinity o Competition supports separation and distinction o Sexual Objectification of Women provides a base of where male superiority is maintained Schrock and Schwalbe Men Masculinity and Manhood Acts Males and Men the term male is used to describe someone biologically whereas the term men is used to describe a male claiming rights and privileges attendant to membership in the dominant gender group Manhood Action the act of mastering a set of conventional signifying practices through which the identity man is established and upheld in interaction A manhood action can be done by male or female but one is not necessary for the other A female can mask their secondary sex characteristics and appear male to perform this act a male can fail to muster the other signifiers necessary to establish themselves as creditable men Young Men young men have a majority of their masculine socialization through props via their parents as babies or newborns These boys are given gendered names toys and clothes to fit the norm for how boys should look and be Peggy McIntosh White Privilege Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack Reasoning
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