MULTICULTURAL FILM (HUM 3321) MIDTERM & FINAL REVIEW1. CONCEPTSa. ISA (Ideological State Apparatus): An organization- not a person- that propagates the ideologies of the hegemonic force through means of social and psychological effects.i. You are taught to believe that the hegemony’s ideas are the best and should be supportedii. Examples: church, school, media, books, family, government… b. RSA (Repressive State Apparatus): An organization- not a person- thatenforces the ideologies of hegemony through the use of violence (or force).i. There are the groups that make sure you follow the laws of the ruling powerii. Less effective means of staying in poweriii. Examples: police, military, court system, prison…c. Ideology: System of ideasi. Example: certain religions have an ideology about gender- compliments of mend. Hegemony: Ruling social, political, and cultural forcesi. Example: in our culture, middle/upper class, moderate white males (WASP)e. Meritocracy myth: (Meritocracy- system in which people “get ahead” according to their merit)i. The impact of merit on economic outcomes is overestimatedii. Merit is partly a product of environment and social conditionsiii. Factors unrelated to merit neutralize or negate the effects of individual merit.f. Imagine community: coined by Anderson, different from an actual community because it is not based on everyday interaction.i. For example, Anderson believes that a nation is a socially constructed community, imagined by the people who perceive themselves as a part of the group.ii. Imagined because the members of even the smallest nation willnever know most of their fellow members, yet in the mind of each lives the image of their communication.g. Stereotypes: defined as “conventional, formulaic, and usually oversimplified conception, opinion, or belief; a person, group, event, or issue considered to typify or conform to an unvarying pattern.”i. They’re inflexible- they do not adequately describe the complexities of the real world, instead merely summarizing it in the broadest, simplest terms. h. Arab stereotypes: i. Sheik- rich, pursuing power and wealth, Western womenii. Maidens- mute, subservient, erotic belly dancers, queens or princessesiii. Egyptians- violent, poverty-stricken, mummiesiv. Palestinians- portrayed as terroristsi. African American stereotypes:i. Brute- black savage man, hideous, who target helpless victimsii. Criminal black maniii. Coon- abbreviation for raccoon, young black man who disrespects whitesiv. Time- black males that are faithful, happy servantsv. Mammy- black women who were content and happy as slavesvi. Jezebel: black women as erotic by naturevii. Sapphire: black women as rude, loud, stubborn, and overbearingviii. Angry black womenix. Welfare queen- people accused for welfare payments through fraud or manipulationx. Picaninny- black children portrayed as nameless buffoons running towards fried chickenxi. Tragic mulattoxii. Magical negro- has special powers to help white protagonistsj. Hays production code: code produced when transitioning from silent to talking filmsi. No picture shall be produced that will lower the moral standards of viewers hence the sympathy of the audience should never sympathize the side of crime- wrongdoing, evil, or sinii. A very conservative way of producing film- moral obligationk. Gender theory: Field of study that is devoted to the gender identity and gender representationl. Components of masculinitym. Microaggressions: “Subtle, stunning, often automatic, and non-verbal exchanges which are ‘put-downs,’ often unconsciously delivered in theform of subtle snubs or dismissive looks, gestures, and tones.”i. Microassault:ii. Microinsult:iii. Microinvalidation:n. White privilege: Set of social privileges that white people argued to benefit from beyond those commonly experienced by people of color in the same social, political, or economical space. i. Denotes obvious and non-obvious unspoken advantages that whites might not recognize o. The other: individual who is perceived by the group as not belonging or as being different in some fundamental way. The group sees itself as the norm and judges those who do not meet that norm.i. Example: a different racep. Gender roles: defines as a set of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in social or interpersonal relationship.i. Differ based on cultural-historical context.q. Heteronormative: the normative and normalizing power in heterosexuality in representation subjectivity, legality, and discipline.r. LGBTQ: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questionings. Feminism: describes a political, cultural or economic movement aimed at establishing equal rights and legal protection for woment. Sexuality: A person’s sexual orientation, or preference.u. Class: system of ordering a society in which people are divided into sets based perceived social or economic statusv. Race: each of the major divisions human kind based on physical characteristics such as color, creeds, ethnicity, culture, language, history, etc. 2. DEFINITIONSa. Multiculturalism: “affirms the worth of different types of culture and cultural groups” (Kellner)i. Cultural studies analyze hegemonic, or ruling, forces of dominationii. Seeks “counterhegemonic” forces of resistance and struggle b. Language: film language is all the techniques filmmakers use to tell a story on the screen- including camera distance, angle, and movement; editing and sound…c. Representation: the description or portrayal of someone or somethingin a particular way or as being or a certain naturei. Pertaining to film: gender, race, and class are represented by their stereotypesd. Film noir: subjects come from the underworld of pulp fiction. Usually deal with crime or criminal actions that disturb, disorientate, or induce anxiety in the viewer.e. Nationalism- no scientific definition.i. It would compromise the idea of repeatability and predictability among other thingsf. Femme fatale: an attractive & seductive woman who will ultimately bring disaster to a man that falls for herg. Spider woman: dress defines the woman, long hair, make-up and jewelry, sexual naturei. Expressed by self-absorber narcissismii. Self-interest rather than devotion to a maniii. She is not to be trustedh. Nurturing woman: Juxtaposed against the femme fatale she is viewed by the film noir man as boring i. Bechdel test: a test that is basic gauge to
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