ISAo Create the belief that I am the best (ISA) o An organization(not a person) that propagates the ideologies of the hegemonic force through means of social and psychological effects. o In other words, you are taught to believe that the hegemony’s ideas are best and should be supported. o Examples: Church, Schools, Meida(News, TV, Film, Advertising, Internet), Books, Family, Government (Political System)RSA o An organization(not a person) that enforces the ideologies of hegemony though the use of violence (or force). o In other words these are the groups that make sure you follow the laws of the ruling power. o This is a less effective means of staying in power. o Examples: Police, Prison, Military, Court SystemHegemony o The current ruling powero White, Caucasian, Protestant, Male is our current hegemonyo A method of gaining and keeping powero The media (or rather those who control it) puts ideas in our heads, causing us all to think the same things as each other and these are not things that we would necessarily believe otherwise. o This is often more powerful than any coercion or force. Camera MovementoCamera movement emerges as a powerful element of mise-en- scene that serves the interests of narrative exposition. oThe term “camera movement” encompasses a variety of different formal devices, including one-the zoom-in which the camera makes no movement whatsoever.oA zoom involves the use of a special lens that possesses a variety of different focal lengths ranging from wide-angle to telephoto. oManipulation of the lens produces the impression of movement toward or away from objects by shifting from wide-angle to telephoto focal lengths or vice versa. These shifts simply enlarge or decrease the apparent size of the image. High Key Lighting o “High” refers to the ratio of fill light to key light (high amount of fill light) o Key light close to the camera and fill light added in the shadows o Bright areas dominate the frameLow Key Lighting o The ratio of fill to key light is low Key light farther from the camera o There is little fill light, thus more shadows o Dark areas dominate the frameTransitions o Editing serves as a primary means of organizing the film. On the most basic level of organization, shots are assembled to create a scene. o A shot is an unbroken strip of film made by an uninterrupted running of the camera. A scene is the film’s smallest dramatic unit; it consists of one or more shots that present an action that is spatially and temporally continuous; that is, an action taking place in a single space at a single shot. o Certain scenes consist of two or more actions set in two or more spaces and times that are intercut to form a single complex scene. o At a larger level of organization, scenes or groups of scenes are assembled to create a sequence of scenes, a large segment, or an entire film. o Thus the term “editing” encompasses two different forms of organization- editing within a scene and editing from scene to scene.o Examples: o The cut-a simple break where 2 shots are joined o The fade-gradual darkening of the image until it becomes black or a gradual brightening of the imageo The dissolve-achieved by simultaneously fading out on one shot whilefading in on the next shot o The iris-adjustable diaphragm or iris in the camera that gradually opens (iris-in), or closes (iris-out)o The wipe-the second shot appears to wipe the first shot off the screen.The 180- Degree Ruleo At the center of the continuity system stands its fundamental principle-the illusion of spatial reality. o This illusion is created and maintained in the cinema through the observance of one simple law, which is known as the 180-degree rule. o To guarantee matches in screen position and movement and to construct a realistic playing space for the characters, filmmakers film the action from oneside of an imaginary line (the axis of action) that runs through the center of the scene’s major action. o By remaining on one side of this line, the camera ensures that screen direction remains constant. That is, if one character stands on the right of the frame and another on the left, those characters retain their relative screen positionsfrom one shot to the next (unless, of course, they moved).If, however, the camera crosses the axis of the action after one shot and films the next shot from the other side of the 180- degree line, the original position of the characters is reversed in this second shot, making them appear to switch positions as the film cuts from one shot to the next. o In observing the 180-degree rule, filmmakers rely extensively on shot/reverse-shot editing. This editing pattern employs paired shots to cover conversations or other actions. They alternate back and forth between an angled shot from one end of the 180-degree line and another from the other end. The second shot views the action from the same angle as the first, though that angle is now reversed, that is, the shot is taken from the oppositedirection.Stereotype o A stereotype is defined as “conventional, formulaic, and usually oversimplified conception, opinion, or belief; a person, group, event or issue considered to typify or conform to an unvarying pattern.”o Stereotypes are rigid and inflexible – they reflect an unwillingness to change one’s mind despite evidence to the contrary. o Stereotypes often exist to let us view the world in an easy or desirable manner,or to hide harmful or difficult thoughts. o Stereotypes and simple and direct, ignoring the causes of their assertions, and suggesting that such behavior is an unchangeable given. o Belief is more important than agreement with realityo “Most great jazz musicians have been black” is a true claim, that can be supported with evidence. Andre calls this a “true generalization.”o “Blacks are so musical” is a stereotypical claim that paints a certain group of people with broad strokes and is hard to falsify.o Stereotypes are usually so broad and general that it is hard to mount a counterargument against them.o The main characteristics, then, of stereotypes are oversimplification and indicating that a certain kind of behavior is inevitable.o Stereotypes are also inflexible–they do not adequately describe the complexities of the real world, instead merely summarizing it in the broadestpossible terms.o Stereotypes can be harmfulo Even positive stereotypes prevent one from understanding the “real world” and its
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