Mr Marjenin studied the Bodhran an Irish musical instrument in Cork Ireland 3 years Chapter 9 Ireland ago in a study abroad program Cork Dublin Ireland Ireland s second largest city Ireland s largest city Capital of The Republic of Ireland Aka The Emerald Isle because it is very green Known for its Celtic culture Some things that come to mind when thinking about Ireland bagpipes drinking Catholicism and Saint Patrick s Day Since the 19020s Ireland has been divided politically between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland Saint Patrick s Day National Holiday of Ireland Celebrated differently than in the U S There are still parades no work etc The parades are smaller scale though Emphasizes celebration of cultural diversity The Great Famine 1845 1849 A blight hit the potato crop and led to a famine People started eating seaweed This led to the Irish Diaspora Many people moved to America s East Coast New York Boston etc in the Irish diaspora People traveled to America on Coffin Ships in which the living conditions were so bad that about 30 of passengers died on each trip 1 5 million people died and many tried to immigrate The population was reduced from 8 million to 3 5 million The Irish blamed the British for not doing enough to assist them during the famine and this led to an Irish nationalist movement Large immigrant communities were established and made major contributions to the transformation of Irish cultural traditions Irish Rebels Catholics 93 of the population 3 6 million people Independent nation Capital at Dublin Achieved independence in 1949 Between 1921 1949 it was known as the Irish Free State and was quasi autonomous self governing dominion within the British Commonwealth The founding of the Irish free state in 1921 marked a new chapter of development in Irish nationalism The Republic of Ireland Northern Ireland Controlled by the UK monarchy England Scotland Wales Cornwall and the Isle of Man Province Protestants are 2 3 of the population The Troubles occurred here in 1960 1998 in which The Republic fought against Northern Ireland mainly in Belfast 1998 cease fire agreement was signed Has murals that mark the territory A super tall fence divides the Protestant and Catholic sections in Belfast Capital is Belfast Accounts for 15 of the islands landmass Irish Republican Army IRA Fought in the Troubles in Belfast Guinness Beer Company that had a sign that was in both Gaelic and in English Everything in Ireland has bilingual signs in these 2 languages translations Irish Traditional Music Became a powerful symbol of national identity and a tool of Irish nationalism The preservation collection and dissemination of Irish traditional music became priorities of Irish cultural nationalism Described as being Europe s most commercially successful traditional music An oral tradition It changes the music a lot over time There is a risk of losing the music over time 5 main categories 1 Sean Nos songs in Gaelic 2 Slow Airs 3 Songs sung in English 4 The musical tradition of the Irish harp 5 Instrumental dance tunes and melodies Irish Instruments Music Settings Fiddles there is no difference in structure between a fiddle and a violin just how it is played Flutes made of wood Bodhran big drum Accordions Concertina Uilleann Pipes Irish bagpipes that you play sitting down with your elbow Spoons Bones rhythmic devices o Pubs bars public houses in which sessions are held o Sessions a small informal unlit gathering of musicians to have a jam session of Irish tunes amidst socializing in a pub There is no stage spotlight or mic o Ceilis an informal social gathering that is normally held at a neighborhood pub in dance hall and involves dance presentational oriented music o Fleadhs competition for prizes and prestige in the community Slow Air A tune type Example Free rhythm piece with no meter on the Uillean Pipes Typically performed by one person Slow improvisational performance No discernable beat Dance setting Some instruments played in the Temple House clip include an accordion electronic keyboard banjo fiddle flute and drums There is a discernable beat Greek instrument that is found in Modern Irish music Ceili Band Bouzouki Accordion Concertina Irish Flute Free reed aerophone Melodic instrument Bellows driven Similar to Concertina Free reed aerophone Melodic instrument Bellows driven Hexagonal in shape Similar to Accordion Uilleann Pipes Constructed out of wood the Western Classical flute is metal and produces higher timbres Mellow timbre Aerophone Uilleann means elbow in Gaelic Mellow timre 3 drone pipes each play the same tonic pitch of D in a different octave range 1 chanter melody pipe has fingerholes 3 regulator pipes produce chords and have 4 5 keys each Bellows driven sound is produced when air is forced through the pipes by a bellows which is essentially a bag with collapsible sides Bag serves as a reservoir of air Aerophone Complex The Scottish bagpipes are played by blowing air with your mouth but the Uilleann pipes use a bellow instead A reed can take 7 hours to make correctly and are very sensitive to temperature and weather changes They need to be kept dry A complete Uilleann pipe set can take up to 2 months to finish Possible a result of English rule due to the tension the Irish needed lower pitch instruments so they wouldn t be caught Bones Bodhran Early instrument Found throughout the world Traditionally made from animal bones Now are made from wood rosewood Produces dull sounds that are thud like Frame drum that has animal skin usually horse cow or deer tacked onto the wooden frame The history of the instrument is uncertain because it was carried through oral traditions rather than written sources By placing your hand on the back of the skin you can produce different sounds playing the bodhran is open to interpretation The bodhran has a contentious place in Irish traditional music Accepted when people use it as a background instrument Not accepted when people play it too loudly There is no standard size for the instrument Tuning pegs have been added to modernize the instrument in order to allow the musician to change the skin on the drum without having to use We listened to a clip by John J Kelly who played a solo in a modern contemporary style and was mainly showing off We listened to a clip by Paul Murphy who played a solo accompanied by other musicians and used a traditional style Originally was a household item that was used to separate grains The beater that
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