UMCP Hist200 Mid term study guide Fall 2014 Key Terms Moral economy 18th century Economy of the poor o o Fair wages Fair prices Peasants held that traditional fair price was more important to a community than a free market price o Dearth punished large farmers who sold surplus supplies at higher prices outside the village while they were still needed in the villages o No safety blanket in Britain or colonies o Opportunity in people dangerous to be alone strength in community o Sense of there s not enough to go around society can only function through discipline hierarchy and responsibility o The economy of Britain was under threat because of successive subdivision of land due to the practice of primogeniture and restricted peasant access to common land due to the enclosure movement which saw wealthy landlords instead use land to raise sheep for the production of wool This led to a large number of poor vagrants and dispossessed that would seek to turn their fortune s in the new world Pocahontas a lot of extra fluff in this one o Born in 1595 daughter of Powhatan o Death in 1617 o o social status unclear because it was solely matrilineal descended directly from mother and we just know that her mother was one of powhatan s many wives rescued John Smith one of Jamestown s leaders It was believed that she was in love with him but we can t be sure because she was very young 11 this was never verified and actually it is also claimed that Powhatan staged this to show his power over the people This was claimed because Powhatan wanted to form a relationship with Jamestown not necessarily so that he could show his power o Capture and release staged by powhatan wanted to show he could kill Jamestown settlers on free will Also made pocahontas an intermediary between them Native Americans and colonists o Got married to John Rolfe who was infatuated with her as a part of diplomatic alliance between Powhatan and Jamestown o Traveled to England with Rolfe o Pocahontas is an example of Native assimilation and her positive reception in England is representative of the prevailing theory at the time that differences between Native Americans and Europeans existed along cultural and especially religious lines and were not racially based she died at 21 or 22 o Bacon s Rebellion 1675 1676 Anthony Johnson o o Nathaniel Bacon was wealthy and successful but sided with the free indentured servants during their clashes with Native Americans as they tried to move further west o Bacon forms his own militia when Governor Berkeley declines to protect the free servants gets arrested in 1675 and is freed in 1676 o They burnt and plundered the city of Jamestown o Significance played a big role in the institutionalization of slavery o Worked as a slave on farm for Bennett family for 12 years was allowed to farm independently to marry to baptize his children and to own land o Eventually was able to secure his freedom Got married settled in VA acquired 250 acres of land became slave owner himself o Significance His claims were recognized and frequently met These people had the opportunities to become free own land to marry and have rights like other free people Slavery became a race based institution in 17th century and the rights of black people declined The opportunities the Johnson s had would no longer be available to slaves even after freedom Anne Hutchinson o Puritan woman put on trial for sedition b c she started and led a sort of bible study that critiqued the teachings ministers of the time typically male dominated Claimed during trial that God spoke directly to her rather than reading from the Bible which went against the beliefs of the Puritan church o presented the idea that you didn t need church religious figures to practice christianity banished from town o o Believed that anyone who accepts Jesus Christ as their personal savior would receive eternal life As opposed to the Puritan belief in predestination flees to rhode island with many of her followers o o She and her followers were killed during an Indian attack King Philip s War o A conflict beginning in 1675 between New England colonists and a Native American leader whom the colonists gave the name King Philip Both groups fought the bloody conflict for several years The colonists ultimately won due to their greater numbers making them the dominant group in the region o Significance colonists developed a greater sense of American identity There was not significant aid from England during the war Led to feelings of anxiety and perceptions of divine punishment which may have contributed to religious persecution and the Salem Witch trials o This was a time when 11 million slaves were transported from Africa across the Atlantic travelling from port to port Most of them ended up in the West Indies and Brazil to be used as workers Men and boys chained up together Women and girls were separated from boys and unchained more freedom but more exposure Middle Passage to sexual violence Crewmembers had access to enslaved women on board Blacks feared white were not fully human and that they were cannibals They feared they were taken to another world Death and disease 1 5 million died from disease alone on the ships 14 from disease Smallpox is large illness Journey could last a year Africans found comfort in one another Identified themselves by their nation group not by race Societies with slaves There are other forms of labor besides slavery Don t need to own slaves to be among elite Slave societies Slavery is dominant form of economy Must own slaves to be elite William Byrd II o Kept a journal o his life as a wealthy slave owning planter in Virginia The journal is one of our primary source documents and shows the desire of wealthy planters to be connected with English society and politics He was also a terrible human being prided himself on self restraint and lack of emotion o o Was born in Virginia schooled in England o made one of his slaves drink their own piss for bed wetting o Patriarchal towards his slaves in a creepy Martha Ballard o Midwife she was in the video we saw in lecture She lived in the New England colonies Like William Byrd she kept a daily journal of her life during that time o Her journal is contrasted in writing style and content to that of wealthy plantation owner William Byrd II Importance women had tasking jobs that were important to the community Consumer revolution 1740 1763 this is a time period when the colonist started to become