Study in the Co-Op Friday, 11-1pm! Good luck!!According to the document posted, these topics are the ones that are to be on the exam: Everyone should look at the elms document because it better describes what we have to do with each of these people/places/concepts1) Virginia CompanyFrom first study guide- Agriculture occupies 24% of the land in Virginia, and employs just over 350,000people each year- In 1606 King James granted the Virginia Company of London all land from modern day North Carolina to Southern New York.- Their primary goal was to make money. They had no plans of long term settlement. They also had NO intentions of trading with the natives. -The first expedition, in 1607, was limited to male traders who were employees orservants of the company. These men were to procure their own food and ship gold, crops,and Indian goods back to England. They arrived in Virginia after a 4-month voyage and settled on a swampy unhealthy peninsula. They called the colony JAMESTOWN.-hard to build b/c swampy, woods were hard to clear...disease very prevalent in swampy areas- malaria, cholera...- within 9 months of arrival only 38 out of 120 men were alive...gentlemen sent over were useless, ppl ill-equipped, GOAL was PROFIT not SETTLEMENT, or to sustain a community.-Problems of 1st 10 Years: droughts, disease, expectation on Indians- ‘Starving Time’ when Indians hid in woods from settlers and they starved bc, like idiots, they refused to grow crops.-John Smith sent from VA Co. to govern people...tries a military approach that gets the colonists working for a little while. after he leaves everything regresses.-Spring 1610- last 60 ppl about to leave when a ship w a new governor and supplies comes- decide to stay...governor gets pissed that Indians won’t negotiate with him so sends people to kill them, burn their corn, kill Queen and kids.-STUPID- why? Ego & poor management because no clear authority/lack of incentive.-By 1611, the VA Co. had sent 1,200 settlers to Jamestown and less than half survived. -To foster the flow of migrants, the Co. allowed individual settlers to own land: * granted 100 acres to each freeman & more to those who imported servants-Changes in company policies (1616-1619), including head rights (gave 50 acres to each person that paid for their own journey), appealed to more and gave incentive to people to start working on private endeavors. Their profits no longer went to the Virginia Company but they were taxed.- The Co. issued a “Great Charter” that created a system of representative government.Key Points:-Jamestown was originally founded from a desire to gain wealth and to a lesser extent to convert the natives to Christianity.-Virginia became a royal colony in 1624 when King James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt Virginia Company.-First permanent English settlement in the New World at Jamestown.-It provided a source of fertile land and great wealth to England in the form of the cash crop, tobacco.With the House of Burgesses, America saw the first institutional instance of representative self2) “City on a Hill”John Winthrop’s quote1. City on a hill” (1630): also known as New England; Winthrop wanted/expected New England colony to be a model to the rest of the world--a puritan Utopia society--thus a “city on a hill.”2. ·Plymouth (1630) first group of settlers, 102 settled on- build church and then society around it, 3. ****SEEK PERMANENT SETTLEMENT- Mayflower and 30-35 were separatists3. ·Separatists wanted to break away from the church of England--thought it had become too corrupt…think SEPARATE or start afresh..these people are also called Calvinists (puritans), are VERY religious, seek to form society completely off of bible and religion. NO separation between church and state here.why separatists wanted to break away from group: Immigrate to New World to...1. escape persecution, 2. create a new, “perfect” religious model this is why Plymouth was for the win!!·The separatists landed in Cape Cod· May flower compact: (first American constitution) this is how they formed their government; all the men would have to make decisions town meeting style--temporary organization for their government·Half died after first winter because it was too late to grow anything but more successful than VA because they were nicer to Indians and they came with the intention for permanency--very different from VA.-Indians were also faced with an epidemic in which they felt vulnerable politicallyand became allies with settlers3)New England vs Chesapeake developmentNew England-Puritans had strong ethical and spiritual goals-Came with an intention for permanency--gives them the upper hand, they plan ahead- land and religious freedoms- society of independent farm families--but close together in proximity--a community, able to rely on one another- pure Christian faith--Calvinism- people could apply for land grants in town- very diverse trades- elected legislatures in towns- church officials in hierarchy of land with ministers getting the best and most land- younger generations spread west- strained relations with Native Americans- Plymouth (1620)- Puritans wanted to break away from Church of England- Mayflower Compact- Mass. Bay Colony was dominantSummary: Tightly knit, religion-based communities, intention for permanency, lower mortality rates, bigger families (more women and bigger age range), goal to make “perfect” religious societyChesapeake- first attempt at settlement was Roanoke (failed first time; “lost colony”)- first successful settlement was Jamestown (1607 founded)-Tobacco economy- expected to set up trade like in India and buy goods from natives- used indentured servitude and eventually slavery- enjoyed autonomy- Va (London) Company had land from Southern NY to NC- used natives as allies to trade corn and cloth with- trade with natives worked until tobacco settlers of invading land- by 1622, land ownership, self-government and a judicial system based on laws in England- MD was a refuge for Catholics- life in Chesapeake was harsh--settled far away from each other on large pieces of land--but very swampy and unstable- families scarce because of disease--more men, mortality rate higher (many died of Malaria or dysentary), age range very little-mostly young men- tobacco boom strong for 40 years, then collapsed in 1660’s- division of social class with elites acquiring vast land and settling crops