Midterm ReviewThemes- The Rise of British Power at the expense of France, Netherlands, And Spain- Dominating seas and trade routes. naval power under parliamentary rule/ admiralty- Navigation Acts- French and Indian War (seven year’s war- British could take out loans at lower interest rates than Spain- structure of Great Britain government (participatory)- - Oppression of First Nations- European disrespected Indian Land claims- Tried to pit nations against each other- diseases (smallpox)- imposed culture and religion- Taking advantage - economic exploitation (introduction of manufactured goods ex, guns rum)- military styles/ techniques- expected aid with nothing in return, didn’t return favor- environmental degradation - forced labor*- punished Native Americans for not taking their side- made them dependant on manufactured goods- broke treaties- rise of Great Britain caused Native Americans cooperation/diplomacy-Unifying = power against Great Britain (Pontiac’s War)-Iroquois Confederacy -pure cultural chauvinism (fortress-missions, etc.)- fed negative image throughout Europe/perception- disrespect of unclaimed Native American Territory-Slavery- favored over indentured servitude after tobacco boom- huge slave vs. European population especially in Carib and Mid-antlantic/south.- a lot going first to Carib- Southern Economy more dependent on slave labor more so than north economy- supplement shortage of indentured servants-3/5 ruling- transition: indentures paying off debts → life slavery- brutal conditions on slave ships-Wilberforce!!!- worked to end slave trade in Great Britain- abolished slave trade 1807 in Great Britain- brutal conditions on slave ships. would result in loss of ½ to ⅔ of cargo- better slaves than Native Americans, less susceptible to disease- (Native Americans) knew lay of land-supply - religious/paternalistic justification- huge investment, got cheaper over time as supply increased-Immigration/migration/population movements- economic prosperity- New England big families, more so than south and Chesapeake- land scarcity- sons who couldn’t inherit-sturdy beggar, opps were for white men-Religious change/persecution-Great Awakening-Calvinists-No catholics- Old lights, New lights-Disagreement about what they thoughts their beliefs were. Old lights conservative, New lights Progressive. Old lights commune with god new lights were into personal relationship-Revolution- Boston Massacre- -Relationships between Native Americans and European nationsSpain: -Gold, Religion-Concerned with small outposts in North AmericaFrench:- FUR TRADE-Religion- Land-more culturally accepting of Native Americans Dutch:-TRADE-New AmsterdamBritain-Cash crops- Markets- Religious Freedom (Quakers, Puritans)-Overpopulation--Shift from colonies to nation- seven year’s war influence/ French and Indian War (colonial debt?)-primarily France vs. Great Britain- First step in path to revolution- caused a lot of Great Britain debt that colonies had to pay off → intolerable acts-made it impossible for Great Britain to govern all of land in North America- Great Britain trade control- Iroquois were neutral, then sided with France, and finally with Great Britain as they began to win Canada. Notes on Document 14● Pennsylvania started by Quakers. Charles II gave the region to William Penn who was a prominent member of the Quakers. Penn wanted to make money off of his land but also wanted it to be a sort of safe haven for people of various religions. He offered land to all newcomers.● says that land was so fruitful because of extensive trade. Document says that wages aremuch higher in Pennsylvania than in England and food is cheaper and land is cheaper. taxes are smaller. freedom of speech and ideas. no beggars. ● gender equality: women have good wages and take jobs. ● By the 1680s, over 3000 Welsh, Irish, Dutch, and Germans settled there. Population grew rapidly in Pennsylvania. ● Started to export large amounts of food and flour to West Indies● Penn was committed to treating Native Americans fairly and Pennsylvania attracted many Natives from surrounding colonies that wanted to escape conflicts with other colonists. ● Penn’s policy was so successful that it caused its own downfall. Non-Quaker residents and Indians clashed over land and they didn’t tolerate each other. ● Olive branch represents freedom and peace. - Navigation Acts: Designed to stop direct colonial trade with Netherlands, France, etc. Anything shipped to England had to be done so in English vessels- Seven Years’ War: War primarily between Britain and France to take control of North American land holdings. Colonists sold supplies to France behind Britain’s back- Treaty of Paris (1763): France ceded its major North American holdings to Britain. Spain (ally of France) gave Florida to