Communication 101 Text Study Guide Exam 3 NOTE Everything presented in lecture after the second exam may be on the third exam The following material from the custom text may also be on the third exam To prepare effectively for this exam study your lecture notes from after the second exam and the items on this study guide What is Communication and Technology p A 23 A 24 1 Know the three primary areas being studied in the context of health and communication technology 1 Use of communication technologies to search for health details 2 Communicate with ones doctor 3 Acquire social support as one copes with illness 2 Know in what time frame research in this general topic area began Late 1970 s Early 1980 s What are Media Effects pp A 24 A 27 1 Know the definition of mass communication The imparting or exchanging of information on a large scale to a wide range of people 2 Know the difference between the two types of media effects studied by researchers Intended Deliberate attempts to influence the recipient in some way ex Commercial advertising Unintended Influence was not intended ex Coverage post natural disasters What is Small Group Communication pp A 29 A 31 1 Know the definition of small group communication The process by which three or more members of a group exchange verbal and nonverbal messages in an attempt to influence one another 2 Know the two types of influence relevant to small group communication Normative Occurs when a member changes his or her mind to be consistent with what the other members prefer Communicative Hinders effective group problem solving and decision making by focusing groups on irrelevant issues that hinder information sharing 3 Know the two types of communication relevant to small group communication What is Intergroup Communication pp A 31 A 33 1 Know the definition of intergroup communication The study of how communication between people from different social groups is different from what occurs when people communicate within their social groups 2 Know the types of groups that are relevant to intergroup communication and the three things these groups have in common Groups Age Race Ethnicity Religious Gender Sexuality Nationality Three things the groups have in common Relatively Large Important to some members they re contrast groups What is Environmental Communication pp A 33 A 35 1 Know the definition of environmental communication Environmental communication refers to the study and practice of how individuals institutions societies and cultures craft distribute receive understand and use messages about the environment and human interactions with the environment 2 Know the different disciplines interested in environmental communication Communication environmental studies psychology risk analysis political science sociology journalism interpersonal communication etc Human Communication Chapter 10 Intercultural Communication pp 283 317 1 Know the three approaches to studying culture 1 Social Science approach Behavior can be observed measured and predicted 2 Interpretive Subjective experience of the individual 3 Critical Concerned with creating change by examining power relationships with cultures 2 Know the difference between individualism and collectivism Individualism The tendency of people in a given culture to value individual identity over group identity individual rights over group rights and individual achievements over group concerns Collectivism The tendency to people in a given culture to value group identity over the individual identity group obligations over individual rights and in group oriented concerns over individual wants and desires 3 Know the difference between high and low context cultures High Text More skilled in reading nonverbal behaviors and they assume that other people will also be able to Speak less listen more Low Text Stress direct and explicit communication Emphasize verbal messages and the shared information they encode 4 Know the dimensions of masculinity and femininity Masculinity Value work strength competition and assertiveness Femininity Value on affection compassion nurturing interpersonal relations and fluidity 5 Know the three master norms Respect All life is sacred Truth Ethical People Nonviolence Forgiveness don t harm the innocent 6 Know ethnocentrism and stereotyping Ethnocentrism The tendency to judge the values customs behaviors or other aspects of another culture in terms of those that our own cultural group regards as desirable or ideal Stereotyping Generalizations based on limited experience 7 Know cultural homogenization The tendency for cultures in contact with one another to become increasingly similar to one another One will dominate and eliminate some aspects of the other Human Communication Chapter 12 Small Group Communication pp 343 377 1 Know social comparison theory All human beings have a need to evaluate their own opinions and abilities and that when they cannot do so by objective nonsocial means they compare them with those of other people 2 Know the risky shift phenomenon Tendency of people to increase their willingness to take risks as a result of group discussions 3 Know groupthink A mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in group when the members strivings from unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action 4 Know brainstorming When multiple people are brought together to solve a problem 5 Know the differences between group task roles group building and maintenance roles and individual roles Group Task Roles Behaviors directed toward accomplishing the group s objective through problem solving Group Building and Maintenance Roles Help the interpersonal functioning of the group strengthen regulate perpetuate Individual Roles Satisfy an individual s needs than to contribute to the needs of the group self centered roles 6 Know what cohesiveness means in the context of small groups The total field of forces acting on members to remain in the group Human Communication Chapter 15 Mass Communication and the New Technologies pp 455 492 1 Know the three aspects of mediated encounters 1 Sensory input potential for receivers is more limited 2 Receivers of a mediated message have little or no control of its sources 3 Sources of mediated messages are known either in a limited way or not known at all 2 Know the concept of a gatekeeper A person who can influence the flow of information to a receiver or group of