Communication 101 Text Study Guide Exam 3 What is Communication and Technology p A 23 A 24 1 Know the three primary areas being studied in the context of health and communication technology Use of communication technologies to search for health information communicate with one s doctors and acquire social support as one copes with illness 2 Know in what time frame research in this general topic area began Late 1970s to early 1980s What are Media Effects pp A 24 A 27 1 Know the definition of mass communication Process in which professional communicators use media to disseminate messages widely rapidly and continuously to arose intended meanings in large and diverse audiences in attempts to influence them in a variety of ways 2 Know the difference between the two types of media effects studied by researchers Intended effects deliberate attempts on the part of the communicator to influence the recipient in some way Unintended effects viewer reactions that are not planned by broadcasters such as broadcasting of natural disasters or stereotyping of certain groups What is Small Group Communication pp A 29 A 31 1 Know the definition of small group communication Study of messages produced during decision making interactions 2 Know the two types of influence relevant to small group communication Normative influence occurs when a member changes their mind or preference to be consistent with what other members prefer Communicative influence quality of arguments and the evidence that supports them persuades members to adopt a course of action over other possibilities 3 Know the two types of communication relevant to small group communication Promotive communication messages that assist a group in identifying relevant characteristics of a problem and for developing solutions Disruptive communication hinders effective group problem solving and decision making by focusing groups on irrelevant issues that hinder information sharing create conflict advances hidden agendas and allows fallacious arguments to go unchallenged What is Intergroup Communication pp A 31 A 33 1 Know the definition of intergroup communication Study of how communication between people from different social groups is different from what occurs when people communicate within their social groups how communication changes based on social group memberships 2 Know the types of groups that are relevant to intergroup communication and the three things these groups have in common Age groups groups based on race ethnicity religious groups gender groups groups based on sexuality and national groups Relatively large groups very important to some of their members and within each category it s possible to identify groups that are in contrast to one another What is Environmental Communication pp A 33 A 35 1 Know the definition of environmental communication Study of how cultures societies institutions and individuals create distribute receive and understand environmental messages 2 Know the different disciplines interested in environmental communication Cultural studies public relations marketing journalism media effects and interpersonal communication Human Communication Chapter 10 Intercultural Communication pp 283 317 1 Know the three approaches to studying culture Social science approach interpretive approach and critical approach 2 Know the difference between individualism and collectivism Individualism tendency of people in a given culture to value individual identity over group identity individual rights over group rights and individual achievements over group concerns Collectivism tendency of people in a given culture to value group identity over the individual identity group obligations over individual rights and ingroup oriented concerns over individual wants and desires 3 Know the difference between high and low context cultures High context cultures more skilled in reading nonverbal behaviors and assume that other people will also be able to do so speak less and listen more Low context cultures stress direct and explicit communication emphasize verbal messages and the shared information they encode 4 Know the dimensions of masculinity and femininity Masculine cultures value work strength competition and assertiveness and have more rigid sex roles Feminine cultures value affection compassion nurturing and interpersonal relationships and tend to be more fluid 5 Know the three master norms Respect for human dignity truth telling and nonviolence 6 Know ethnocentrism and stereotyping Ethnocentrism tendency to judge the values customs behaviors or other aspects of another culture in terms of those that our own cultural group regards as desirable or ideal Stereotyping a simplified and standardized conception or image invested with special meaning and held in common by members of a group 7 Know cultural homogenization Tendency for cultures in contact with one another to become increasingly similar to one another Human Communication Chapter 12 Small Group Communication pp 343 377 1 Know social comparison theory 2 Know the risky shift phenomenon 3 Know groupthink 4 Know brainstorming All human beings have a need to evaluate their own opinions and abilities and that when they cannot do so by objective nonsocial means they compare them with those of other people Tendency of people to increase their willingness to takes risks as a result of group discussions Problem solving process in which ideas accepted by the group are not really examined and opposing ideas are suppressed No criticism of ideas freewheeling quantity and taking off of other people s ideas 5 Know the differences between group task roles group building and maintenance roles and individual roles Group task roles behaviors directed towards accomplishing the group s objective through problem solving information seeking Group building and maintenance roles help interpersonal functioning of the group help alter the way of working by strengthening regulating and perpetuating the group encouraging Individual roles Designed to satisfy an individual s needs than contribute to the group self centered roles recognition seeking 6 Know what cohesiveness means in the context of small groups Total field of forces acting on members to remain in the group Human Communication Chapter 15 Mass Communication and the New Technologies pp 455 492 1 Know the three aspects of mediated encounters Sensory input for receivers is more limited receivers have little or no control over its sources and