1. Know the definition of intergroup communication.2. Know the types of groups that are relevant to intergroup communication and the three things these groups have in common.2. Know the different disciplines interested in environmental communication.Human Communication, Chapter 10: Intercultural Communication (pp. 283 – 317)7. Know cultural homogenization.Human Communication, Chapter 12: Small-Group Communication (pp. 343 – 377)Human Communication, Chapter 15: Mass Communication and the New Technologies (pp. 455 – 492)4. Know the meaning of wireless boorishness and examples of this phenomenon.Communication 101 Text Study Guide, Exam 3NOTE: Everything covered in lecture after the second exam may be on the third exam. The following material from the text may also be on the third exam.What is Communication and Technology? (p. A-23 – A-24)1. Know the three primary areas being studied in the context of health and communication technology. To search for health information, communicate with one’s doctor, and acquire social supportas one copes with illness.2. Know in what time frame research in this general topic area began.Late 1970s/early 1980s, but tremendous growth in scholarship during the past decade.What are Media Effects? (pp. A-24 – A-27)1. Know the definition of mass communication.“Mass communication is a process in which professional communicators use media to disseminate messages widely, rapidly, and continuously to arouse intended meanings in large and diverse audiences in attempts to influence them in a variety of ways.” (DeFleur & Dennis)Media Effects  the idea that the audience is influences or changed in some manner.2. Know the difference between the two types of media effects studied by researchers.Intended & UnintendedIntended  deliberate attempts to influence the recipient in some way. Commercial advertising and political campaigns are the types of intended effects that have received the most attention. Public service announcements and media campaigns to change behavior/health, especially in AIDS awareness, smoking, drug use, etc.Unintended  media events not planned by broadcasters, like the events surrounding 9/11 or natural disasters, which result in mass viewer reactions. These unexpected view reactions represent unintended media effects. Media scholars have debated whether exposure to violence in the media leads viewers to later aggressive behavior. Also if sexually explicit material leads to sexually permissive attitudes and engage in sexual risk-taking.There has always been an assumption that the mass media’s influence was so powerful that the media automatically altered the ideas, attitudes, and behaviors of anyone who came into contact with them. Today, we recognize what we should’ve known all along…that human attitudes and actions are difficult to change in most situations. Mass media is one type of social influence on a person’s attitude and behavior.What is Small Group Communication? (pp. A-29 – A-31)1. Know the definition of small group communication.The study of messages produced during decision-making interactions.Multilevel problem because it involves forming a group solution to a problem based on dissimilar individual preferences and opinions. Group decision-making often requires at least one individual to change what he/she thinks about a problem and how it might be solved.2. Know the two types of influence relevant to small group communication.Normative & Communicative InfluencesNormative Influence  occurs when a member changes his/her mind to be consistent with what the other members prefer. Imagine a group with 5 members, 4 of whom prefer a particular solution, and you are the fifth member who prefers another solution. At some point, you’d want to conform to feel included or because you just can’t win.Communicative Influence  the arguments/evidence that supports them persuades members to adopt a course of action over other possibilities. Often group outcomes result from both types of influence.3. Know the two types of communication relevant to small group communication.Communication can be both/either promotive for and disruptive to optimal group decision-making.Promotive Communication  consists of messages that assist a group in identifying relevant characteristics of a problem and for developing solutions. It includes messages that include useful information, make strong arguments, seek/give opinions, resolve conflict, anddevelop positive working relationships among members. Disruptive Communication  hinders effective group problem-solving and decision-making by focusing groups on irrelevant issues that hinder information sharing, creates conflict, advances hidden agendas, and allows mistaken arguments to go unchallenged.What is Intergroup Communication? (pp. A-31 – A-33)1. Know the definition of intergroup communication.The study of how communication between people from different social groups is different from what occurs when people communicate within their social groups, or more generally how communication changes based on social group memberships. Groups such as: age groups, groups based on race/ethnicity, religious groups, gender groups, groups based on sexuality, national groups, etc.2. Know the types of groups that are relevant to intergroup communication and the three thingsthese groups have in common.1) Typically not small groups (not concerned with small groups like family or class). 2) Many people feel pride and strong feelings of connection associated with some of these groups, even willing to fight/die for them. This intense feeling is called “group identity.” 3) Within each of those categories, you can identify groups that contrast one another. i.e.: if you’re a man then you’re not a woman; if you’re Christian then you’re not Jewish. This sets up the possibility for competition/conflict between groups.We refer to the groups that an individual identifies as belonging to as that person’s “ingroup” and contrasting groups “outgroups.” What is Environmental Communication? (pp. A-33 – A-35)1. Know the definition of environmental communication.The study of how cultures, societies, institutions, and individuals create, distribute, receive, and understand environmental messages. As a result of this broad set of goals, environmental communication is interdisciplinary (like communication, environmental studies, psychology, risk analysis, political science,