Lecture 4 COMM 101Outline of Last Lecture I. Aristotle's ResolutionII. Rhetoric: A 2000 Year JourneyIII. 20th and 21th CenturyOutline of Current LectureI. Definitions A. Science B. HumanismII. Goals for theory: Scientific InquiryIII. Goals for theory: Humanistic inquiry IV. Two questions to considerV. ResearchVI. Tradition in the field of communicationsCurrent TodayTitle: Philosophical Orientations-Human instinct and scientific perspectiveI. DefinitionsA. Science: An emphasis on careful observation to produce knowledge; use of the scientific method1. Scientific method- Ask a question- Do background research- Construct a hypothesis- Test your hypothesis by doing an experiment- Analyze your data and draw a conclusion- Communicate your results(Alternative to science is) B. Humanism: An emphasis on individual human experience as the basis of morality and knowledge.1. Different ways of understanding the world, different perspectivesII. Goals for theory: Scientific inquiry (they believe in one truth)A. Explanation1. There are always scientific answers for commercial, speeches, presentationB. Development of hypotheses2. Predictions based on communication variables, what the outcome is going to be3. A good scientific theory will be able to tell you what is going to happen, and its correctC. Accurate predictions1. To have the knowledge and education on the presentation2. Scientist need to be rightD. Organization and simplification1. The main goal of science is to organize everything going on2. Too many things going on, make the most to the leastE. Implementation 1. scientist want to put their work into practice2. science has impacted a lot in our lives3. better resolutions, made everything easierIII. Goals for theory: Humanistic inquiry (They believe in multiple realities)A. Insight1. Providing insight to proof there beliefs2. To make you understand their realityB. Clarification of values1. Personal values2. All unique 3. Values as in being bi-st, politics, roll of societyC. Elegance1. Display beautiful art2. You can have information be incorrect but still be elegantD. Acceptance 1. Which on makes more sense to you(scientist don't care what the public thinks)2. Ideas need to be accepted by others E. Reform1. There is something that needs to be fixed2. They want every human to live out their potential- free from slaves, prejudice, unfair laws3. They want the problems to be solvedIV. Two questions to considerA. is communication obvious?1.the existence of communication is obvious, the understanding of communication is not obvious2. Thats where training comes inB. What is the need for theories and models of human communication?1. They provide the explanation2. They organize and illuminateV. Research - Definition: A systematic investigation designed to develop knowledgeto train your mind how to thinkA. Communication focuses on message-related behavior!1. Its all messages, both scientist and humanist study communicationsB. Components and communication research1. Theory- it tells you what is importance, and guides you2. Method- where the scholar tells us how they did the research3. Results- the insight you provide, you display it4. Discussion- what do people think, what does it do to peopleVI. Tradition in the field of communicationsA. Social-psychological tradition-social scientist1. Scientific version of communication (different version of humanism)B. Cybernetic tradition- the study of different parts of system (who has access to certain info)1. Has the most in common with science (why is the message not getting from point A to point B)C. Rhetorical tradition- speech making essentially1. Humanistic, with a bit of scienceD. Semiotic tradition- interpreting sciencewhat things meanE. Social-cultural tradition- how language conveys meaning1. Humanist say that the language that we use, shapes who we