Quizzes 3 and 4 know what you missed and understand what question was asking Know the names of the subdivisions of the phylum Proteobacteria Alpha beta gamma delta and epsilon classes Good to know the Taxonomic hierarchy Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Good way to remember Danish Kings Play Chess On Fiber Glass Stools Know the infectious agent that causes stomach ulcers Helicobacter pylori o A pathogenic group of the epsilon subdivision Know what diseases can be caused by the species of Chlamydia Chlamydia trachomatis Causes the STD chlamydia Can cause conjunctivitis eye infection Know the name of the form of Chlamydia that briefly live outside host cells and can be transferred from host to host Elementary body more environmentally resistant form that can survive outside host cells but not on surfaces must be spread by intimate contact Know the name of the bacteria that we discussed that completely lacks cell walls Mycoplasmas Is in Firmicutes phylum for gram positive bacteria In Mollicutes class Know the bacteria that produces botulinum toxin Clostridum botulinum C botulinum Is in Firmicutes phylum for gram positive bacteria Know the bacteria that produces tetanus toxin Clostridum tetanus C tetanus Is in Firmicutes phylum for gram positive bacteria Know the names of the bacteria genera that are enteric bacteria Enterobacteriales Enterobacter cause UTIs and nosocomial infections Erwinia Escherichia most common usually not pathogenic model system we use in labs Klebsiella capable of nitrogen fixation Proteus distinct appearance of concentric rings have a swarming type of growth on agar Salmonella pathogenic common in animal many serovar Typhoid fever S typhi Often a food borne pathogen poultry Serratia the pink stuff that can grow in a poorly tended shower can cause illness if immunocompromised Shigella often a food borne pathogen Yersinia Y pestiscauses bubonic plague Black death transmitted by fleas on rats Killed 30 60 of Europe s population in 14th century E3 Enterobacter Erwinia Escherichia S3 Salmonella Serratia Shigella K Klebsiella P Proteus Y Yersinia Know what the MMRV vaccine protects against Protects against measles mumps rubella and varicella chickenpox MMR vaccine is just measles mumps and rubella Know the name of the bacterium that causes necrotizing fasciitis Streptococcus pyogenes also called Group A Streptococcus GAS a serious bacterial infection that destroys tissue under the skin Also causes scarlet fever strep throat rheumatic fever Know which human tissues the Plasmodium malaria passes through in its life cycle Human liver and human blood Know which viral disease that we discussed has been eradicated by vaccination programs Smallpox No cases since the 1970s Know the differences between a cutaneous subcutaneous or systemic fungal infection Cutaneous affect hair skin and nails Subcutaneous beneath the skin Systemic deep within body Know what an opportunistic infection is Opportunistic infection caused by normal microbiota or environmental fungi Attack primarily immunocompromised hosts AIDS patients are particularly vulnerable Most fungi affect immunocompromised hosts there are few that affect normal healthy hosts know these Blastomyces Histoplasma Coccidiodes Paracoccidiodes Know what type of eukaryotic algae the gelling agents agar and carrageenan are harvested from Red algae Rhodophyta Know what type of eukaryotic organism caused the Irish potato famine A type of Oomycete Phytophthora infestans are responsible Know within what phylum tapeworms are classified Tapeworms are a class in the Platyhelminthes phylum Know within what phylum roundworms are classified Roundworms are in the Nematoda phylum Know what type of organism Wolbachia endosymbionts are Wolbachia endosymbionts are a genus of bacteria in the alphaproteobacteria class They live in insects and other animals Filarial worms require this bacteria for normal development of their offspring Endosymbiont of filarial worms Of the viruses we discussed which ones have no vaccine yet available For which ones is there a very great need for a vaccine Most common chronic blood borne infection in the US Long term liver damage liver cancer No vaccine o Hepatitis C virus HCV o Flaviviridae o HIV Great need for a vaccine o Know the genus and species of fungus that is most commonly used in production of beer bread and wine Genus Saccharomyces Species Saccharomyces cerevisiae Know what types of material viral genomes can be composed of Can have DNA or RNA genome Can be single stranded or double stranded May be linear circular segmented May be sense mRNA or sense antisense to mRNA or both Has to be surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid which protects it Still has to be made of nucleic acids Know what the viral eclipse period is The period between when a virus infects a cell and when the virus appears within the cell and transforms it Virus is taking over the host cells during this period Also called Lytic Cycle of phages viruses that attack bacteria Five steps o Attachment o Penetration Phage attaches by tail fibers to host cell Phage lysozyme opens cell wall tail sheath contracts to force tail core and DNA into cell o Biosynthesis Production of phage DNA and proteins Consists of transcription translation and replication o Maturation o Release Assembly of phage particles Phage lysozyme breaks cell wall Approximately what of cervical cancers test positive for Human papillomavirus Greater than 95 Despite the bad reputation of cats what is a more common mode of transmission of Toxoplasma than cat feces Taxoplasma gondii s definitive host is cats However it is more commonly spread by undercooked meat than cats Know the difference between a latent viral infection and a persistent viral infection Latent viral infection o Virus remains in asymptomatic host cell for long periods o Infection will form then no symptoms will show and can later o Ex cold sores Leukemia genital warts chickenpox reemerging years reappear later as shingles Persistent viral infection o Disease progress over a long period often is fatal o Will get infection then the infection will gradually increase until it eventually shoots up o Ex HIV AIDS cervical cancer Liver cancer measles Know how a virus is defined What things does a virus always possess Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites Defined by o What type of genome they have DNA or RNA not both Linear circular segmented Single or double stranded sense or
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