EXAM 4 MCB2004L NON CUMULATIVE PORTION THINGS YOU MUST KNOW Know which Gram positive bacteria can cause forms of Toxic Shock Syndrome Staphylococcus aureus is one of the bacterial species that can cause toxic shock syndrome TSS Know all of the names of the herpes virus that causes chickenpox and shingles Varicella zoster virus human herpesvirus 3 Reactivation of latent HHV 3 human herpesvirus 3 that Chickenpox Shingles moves along peripheral nerves to skin Know the type of virus that causes warts Warts Papillomaviruses Know what type of polio vaccine is currently recommended by the CDC Prevention vaccination Enhanced inactivated polio vaccine new CDC guidelines from 2000 made this the routine preferred form Know the major characteristics of rabies transmission prevention and treatement Rabies Transmission Prevention Treatment Caused by the rabies virus Transmitted by animal bite Also can be transmitted by transplanted tissue particularly cornea Furious rabies animals are restless then highly excitable Paralytic rabies Animals seem unaware of surroundings Preexposure prophylaxis Injection of human diploid cells vaccine HDCV virus grown in human cell culture then inactivated Postexposure treatment Vaccine plus rabies immunoglobulin RIG Rabies is almost always fatal if untreated Incubation period is long allowing for post exposure vaccination and immunoglobulin treatment Rabies virus multiplies in skeletal muscle days months and then peripheral nerves Travels to the brain causing encephalitis Initial symptoms may include muscle spasms of the mouth and pharynx and hydrophobia fear of water Know which protozoan species can cause meningitis and which bacterial species can cause meningitis Bacterial species that cause meningitis Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis Neisseria Meningitis meningococcal meningitis Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis pneumococcal Gram negative aerobic bacteria Gram negative aerobic cocci meningitis Listeria monocytogenes Gram positive diplococcus Gram negative aerobic rod Protozoan species that cause meningitis Naegleria fowleri Acanthamoeba Causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis Causes granulomatis amebic meningoencephalitis Know how botulinum toxin acts to damage the host when it is ingested Botulism Caused by Clostridium botulinum Botulinal toxin blocks release of neurotransmitter Intoxication comes from intesting botulinal toxin causing flaccid paralysis death is from respiratory and cardiac failure Know which type of bacteria has LPS endotoxin and can cause endotoxic shock Endotoxic shock sometimes used as a synonym for septic shock Full scale septic shock most likely caused by Gram negative bacteria Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide from the Gram negative outer membrane causes a strong inflammatory response Be able to identify Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by name for example all Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species are Gram positive etc Listeria Gram negative Staphylococcus Gram positive Streptococcus Gram positive Corynebacterium Gram positive Haemophilus Influenzae Gram negative Neisseria Gram negative Clostridium botulinum Gram negative Brucella Gram negative Rickettsia Gram negative Helicobacter Gram negative Know why brucellosis is called undulant fever Legionella pnueophila Gram negative Brucellosis undulant fever Know which infectious agent causes Lyme disease Causative agent Borrelia burgdorferi sweats malaise Rocky Mountain spotted fever Caused by Rickettsia ricketsii Carrier Undulating fever spikes to 40 degrees Celsius each evening night Know what arthropod transmits the bacterium that causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever Eastern US carried by dog tick Dermacentor Western US carried by wood tick Dermacentor variabilis andersoni For the diseases of the circulatory system that we covered know which are caused by bacteria and which are caused by protozoa Bacteria Yersinia pestis Plague Francisella tularensis Tularemia Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Brucella spp Brucellosis undulant fever Clostridium perfringens Gas Gangrene Bartonella henselae Cat scratch disease Borrelia spp Relapsing Fever Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme Disease Anaplasma phagocytophilum Anaplasmosis Human Rickettsia spp Typhus Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain spotted Fever Ehrlichia chaffeensis Ehrlichiosis Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis granulocytic anaplasmosis Protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas disease Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis Plasmodium spp Malaria Leishmania spp Leishmaniasis Babesia microti Babesiosis Know the infectious agent that causes Chagas disease and the infectious agents that cause sleeping sickness Chagas Disease American trypanosomiasis Causative agent Trypanosoma cruzi African Trypanosomiasis Sleeping sickness Causative agents Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Trypanosoma rhodesiense infection Know the approximate number of tuberculosis cases in the US figure from 2012 given in lecture notes Tuberculosis In 2012 in the US 9 945 cases of TB 3 2 cases 100 000 people Know which type of hypersensitive response is involved in a positive tuberculosis skin test Tuberculin skin test TST screening T cell mediated delayed hypersensitive reaction Type IV Positive reaction means current or previous infection Know which bacterial respiratory infection is transmitted primarily by inhalation of contaminated Know what the spike proteins on the influenza virus are called and how the type of spike is water droplets from cooling systems Legionellosis Transmission by inhaling aerosols Not transmitted from human to human described in the name of each specific influenza strain Hemagglutinin HA Spikes used for attachment to host cells H in the H N subtype Neuraminidase NA Spikes used to release virus from cell N in the H N subtype Know which infectious agent causes primary atypical pneumonia Primary atypical pleumonia walking pneumonia Mycoplasmal pneumonia Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pleomorphic wall less bacteria Know which bacterial infection of the intestine is usually produced by elimination of normal intestinal flora by a course of antibiotics Clostridium Gastroenteritis Pathogen Clostridium difficile Treatment discontinue other antibiotic therapy Know what organ of the digestive system is infected by the mumps virus Know approximately how many people in the US are chronically infected with hepatitis C Know how Helicobacter pylori neutralizes stomach acid Approximately 3 2million people in the US silent epidemic Ammonia from activity of bacterial urease neutralizes
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