Indonesia Study Guide chapter 7 Count to 5 in Bahasa 1 satu 2 dua 3 tiga 4 empat 5 lima Bahasa greetings Selemat pagi Selemat siang good midday Selemat sore Selemat malam good evening good morning good late afternoon Know the five Adzan Subuh Zuhur Ashar Maghrib Isya before sunrise at noon 3 pm sunset around 6 pm 7 pm Balinese Traditional clothing udeng batik kebaya sarung saput selendang English counterpart men s headwear men s shirt women s shirt wrap worn by men and women used by men worn over the sarung waist sash worn by women Timeline 13th Century 1906 Hinduism and Buddhism brought to Bali from Java 1906 1908 Bali colonized by the Dutch gamelan gong kebyar musical style emerges 1933 German film Insel der D monen Island of Demons featuring kecak performance 1945 Republic of Indonesia declared 1986 New contest musical style kreasi beleganjur emerges Study Items Indonesia nation composed of 17 000 islands in Southeast Asia 6 000 inhabited 1 2 Bali population 3 million home to a very large tourist industry 3 gamelan means ensemble mainly found in Bali and Java a Thought of as one whole instrument not separate parts 4 5 Java 120 million people the main religion is Islam Jakarta capital of Indonesia located in Java and one of the world s most densely populated metropolises 1 a Population of 14 million 6 Surakarta major city in central Java hosts two small gamelan courts 7 Yogyakarta major city in central Java a Home to Central Javanese court gamelan 8 Dutch colonialism Bali was colonized in 1906 but gained its independence in 1945 a Full sovereignty was not gained until 1949 9 Bahasa Indonesia national language of Indonesia a More than 300 other languages used 10 National slogan Unity in Diversity 11 Indonesia and Islam the world s largest Islamic nation 90 of Indonesians are Muslim a Practiced in many different forms that mix with Hinduism and Buddhism 12 Hinduism Bali is the only Indonesian province in which Hinduism is the majority religion Balinese Hinduism is unique evil spirits a Believe in three worlds Upper world deities Middle world Bali and Lower world b known as Agama Tirta Religion of Holy Water Blends Hinduism with Buddhism 13 Mahabharata place for music and related arts in religious life in Bali 14 Odalan in class one Balinese year on their calendar a On this day women bring offerings of food in baskets on their heads to give to the gods 15 Balinese calendar in class has 5 and 7 day cycles both line up after 35 days 1 cycle a Mainly used for going to temple 16 Majapahit the Hindu Javanese culture that brought Hinduism to Bali centuries ago 17 Bali Aga Original Balinese the indigenous people of Bali that live in remote villages and predate the arrival of Hinduism and Buddhism 18 Triloka Hindu Balanese conception of the universe the three worlds 19 Ganesh in class Hindu god son of Shiva and Parvati a Depicted as a man with an elephant head and four arms 20 bhutas and leyaks evil spirits and creatures from the Lower World 21 characteristics of both Balinese and Javanese gamelan music instruments bronze gongs metallophones drums etc a b a basis in cyclic musical forms c d Multipart textures higher pitched instruments play faster than lower pitched e Melodic organization the core slow moving melody is embellished by faster related tuning systems scales and modes moving melodies f Associations with various forms of dance dance drama and other arts g A common historical foundation in Hindu religious cultures 22 Central Javanese court gamelan the gamelan tradition associated with the royal courts of a One of the best known types of gamelan 23 gong cycle the recurring sequences of strokes on different gongs serves as the musical Java foundation 24 ketawang gong cycle cycle with 16 beats and ends on the loudest lowest note 2 25 rebab a bowed chordophone with two strings 26 kendang drums that lead the ensemble differ between Balinese and Javanese 27 saron metallophone instruments 28 Balinese gamelan gong kebyar best known type of gamelan features the gangsa gongs drums cymbals etc 29 name of FSU gamelan in class Sekaa Gong Hanuman Agung 30 reyong a set of small kettle gongs played by 4 musicians 31 gangsa high pitched metallophones 32 paired tuning the male and female gangsas are tuned so that the female notes are slightly 33 ombak the blending of pitches from the male and female ganga that create a wave like lower than its male counterparts shimmering sound 34 gamelan beleganjur the Balinese gamelan of walking warriors a play key role in ritual activities enacted to combat the forces of evil b The crowdedness of the music and the singing of the people along the streets helps push the evil spirits away from the deceased souls Its role is vital at the crossroads where the soul is most vulnerable to evil spirits The tower during the ceremony is spun several times in hopes that the soul will flee the tower and reach the Upper World c d During precolonial times warfare was highly glorified because it was an honor to fight for one s king So the gamelan accompanied Balinese armies to war in order to inspire the warriors to be brave 35 gamelan beleganjur guided listening experience listening to the gamelan perform during a Balinese cremation procession a Began with a crowd singing sacred verses Then the lead drummer male drum dued the ensemble to join Gong cycle repeats continuously with interlocking drums and cymbals Throughout the song the cymbals come in and out creating moments of intensity 36 gilak 8 beat gong cycle 37 gong ageng two large gongs 38 kilitan telu pattern of rhythmic interlocking a symbol of communal interdependence a the Balinese give high priority to working together collectively in pursuit of their communal goals b Each of the three rhythms interlocked need the other two in order to sound whole and complete voices 39 kecak a Balinese dance drama with music provided by a gamelan comprised exclusively of a The vocalists act as the army of monkeys when performing the story of Ramayana b The vocalists use the syllable cak as the kilitan telu 40 gamelan suara voice gamelan a massive vocal ensemble 41 Ramayana the great Hindu epic in which a beautiful princess is kidnapped by the evil king but is saved by her beloved prince and his army of monkeys 42 atma the soul a after someone dies it goes to the Upper World to either be reincarnated or enter 3 Nirvana 43 ngaben the Hindu Balinese cremation rituals 44 wadah the large cremation tower the holds the dead 45 banjar
View Full Document
Unlocking...