Indonesia Study Guide chapter 7 Count to 5 in Bahasa 1 satu 2 dua 3 tiga 4 empat 5 lima Bahasa greetings Selemat pagi good morning Selemat siang good midday Selemat sore good late afternoon Selemat malam good evening Know the five Adzan Subuh before sunrise Zuhur at noon Ashar 3 pm Maghrib sunset around 6 pm Isya 7 pm Balinese traditional clothing udeng men s headwear batik men s shirt kebaya women s shirt sarung wrap worn by men and women saput used by men worn over the sarung selendang waist sash worn by women Timeline page 86 1 Hinduism and Buddhism brought to Bali from Java 13th cent 1906 pre colonial era Bali colonized by the Dutch gamelan gong kebyar musical style emerges 1906 1908 German film Insel der D monen Island of Demons featuring kecak performance 1933 Republic of Indonesia declared 1945 New contest musical style kreasi beleganjur emerges 1986 Study Items Indonesia 88 a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania Indonesia is an archipelago comprising 13 466 islands Bali 88 Indonesian Island where gamelan music is found Spans from Sumatra in the west to Papua in the east Popluation 3 million people gamelan 88 ensemble or orchestra diverse class of mainly percussion dominated music ensembles Java 89 Bali s neighboring island Population more than 120 million people more than half of Indonesia s population lives here Jakarta 89 Capital of Indonesia country s largest city with a population of 14 million Worlds most densely populated metropolises Surakarta 89 Major Javanese city Home to great musical traditions of Central Javanese court gamelan Yogyakarta 89 Major Javanese city Home to great musical traditions of Central Javanese court gamelan Dutch colonialism 89 Most of Indonesia s lands use to be Dutch colonies Bahasa Indonesia 89 The national Indonesia language a derivative of Malay 2 national slogan 89 unity in diversity was instituted to provide a framework for the preservation development and nationalization of the country s diverse cultures and cultural traditions Indonesia and Islam 89 World s largest Islam nation both geographically and population 90 of Indonesian s are muslim Bali and Hinduism 89 Only providence of Indonesia in which Hinduism is the majority religion Bali is the only world society outside of Indian subcontinent in which the majority of the population is Hindu Ramayana 89 98 a place for music and related arts in religious life Mahabharata 89 a place for music and related arts in religious life Agama Tirta 89 Balinese Hindu religion representing a syncretism of Hindu Buddhist and indigenous Balinese elements literally means Religion of Holy Water Odalan in class commemorate the anniversary of a temple s consecration Balinese calendar in class a numeric calendar of 210 days per year Majapahit 89 Hindu Javanese Culture Bali Aga 90 The indigenous people of Bali whose culture and religion predate the arrival of Hinduism and Buddhism Bali Ago mainly live in remote Balinese villages e g Tenganan and have distinctive ancient forms of gamelan e g gamelan selonding Triloka 90 three worlds in the hindu balinese conception of the universe Ganesh in class a widely worshipped deity in the Hindu pantheon bhutas and leyaks 90 evil spirits and malevolent creatures that pose a constant threat to humankind List on page 91 features characteristic of both Balinese and Javanese gamelan 3 music Related types of instruments bronze gongs bronze metallophones drums end blown bamboo flutes bowed chordophones a basis in cyclic musical forms Related tuning systems scales and modes Multipart textures in which the higher pitches instruments play at a faster rhythmic rates than the lower pitches instruments Melodic organization in which a main slow moving melody played on one or more instruments the core melody is embellished by faster moving melodies played on other instruments Close associations with various forms of dance dance drama and other arts eg shadow puppetry a common historical foundation in Hindu religious cultures which is reflected symbolically in the music Central Javanese court gamelan The gamelan traditions associated with the royal courts of the cities of Yogyakarta and Surakarta along with Balinese gamelan gong keybar the best known type of gamelan internationally gong cycle 95 A recurring sequence of gong strokes Usually employing two or more gongs that provides the musical foundations of a gamelan piece ketawang gong cycle 92 16 beats begins and ends with a stroke on the largest lowest pitched gong of the gamelan the other beats are marked by various smaller gongs of higher pitch rebab 92 bowed chordophone with two strings kendhang 92 drums saron 92 steady paced core melody played on several metallophone instruments Balinese gamelan gong kebyar 90 91 captures Bali s signature gamelan sound resonant bronze gongs shimmering bronze keyed metallophones fast paced melodies played on metallophone instruments and sets of small tuned gongs intricate drumming and frenetic pace and energy Key bar to flare up 4 name of FSU gamelan in class reyong 93 In the gamelan beleganjur a set of four small hang held gongs each played by a separate performer playing in interlocking style main function is to elaborate the music s core melody The reyong of the gamelan gong keybar is related but distinct instrument gangsa 93 95 Keyed metallophone instrument of Balinese gamelan gilak 96 Common eight beat gong cycle used in gamelan beleganjur and other Balinese music traditions gong ageng 96 Great gong the largest gong or gongs if two in a gamelan paired tuning 94 The tuning of the pitches of the male and female instruments of a Balinese gamelan to slightly different frequencies striking the same pitch simultaneously on a male female pair creates omabk female instruments of each pair are tuned lower than their male counterparts ombak 94 Means wave refers to the acoustical beating effect generated by instruments with paired tuning in a Balinese gamelan gamelan beleganjur 88 Balinese processional ensemble consisting of multiple gongs drums and cymbals played in ritualistic contexts e g cremation processions and in modern music contexts gamelan beleganjur musical guided tour 96 basic tempo keeping instrument in a medium small gong called Kajar Root foundation of beleganjur music is a gong cycle of 8 beats called gilak It employs 2 very large gongs called the gong ageng great songs plus a medium sized gong called the Kempur kilitan telu 97 Set of three interlocking rhythmic patterns
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