MUH 2051 01 Final Exam Study Guide TERMS 1 Kecak Balinese dance drama that employs a gamelan of voices gamelan suara as its sole musical accompaniment music features complex interlocking rhythms derived from the kilitan telu Sometimes has up to 200 members Comes from an ancient trance ritual called Sanghyang Dedari 2 Gamelan generic Indonesian term for ensemble or orchestra symbol of power and loyalty 3 Javanese Court Gamelan music of royalty prestige because you need money to make these types of instruments constant gong cycle with stratified polyphonic texture on top 16 beat gong cycle lowest gong on beat 1 melodic elaboration played on higher pitched instruments 4 Balinese Gamelan Gong Kebyar Kebyar means to flare up the music will alternate between unison and interlocking melodies created during the time of Balinese social upheaval this gamelan is has more flashy and faster drumming featured 5 Gamelan Beleganjur features two types Traditional Beleganjur which is used for cremations and Kreasi Beleganjur which is used in competitions Both are based on gong cycles have the same instruments same core melodies elaboration relationships rhythms and polyphonic textures and use kilitan telu interlocking religions include Islam 90 of the population and Hinduism found in Bali 7 Bali religions include Hinduism similar to Indian Hinduism but is distinct worldview cosmology is that there are three worlds Upper where gods reside above mount Agung largest mountain in Bali Middle which is the earthly realm of people and Lower where land meets the sea realm of evil spirits 8 General characteristics of gamelan music include related types of instruments basis in cyclic musical forms related tuning systems scales and modes Multipart textures lower pitch plays a slower rhythm while the higher pitched plays a faster rhythm and Melodic organizations core melody is embellished by faster moving instruments Close associations with other art forms and common historical foundation in Hindu religious cultures 9 Categories of gamelan instruments include bronze gongs bronze metallophones drums end blown bamboo flutes and bowed chordophones 6 Indonesia capital is Jakarta on Java slogan is Unity in Diversity Kebyar means to flare up Musical differences between Javanese and Balinese gamelan is that Balinese gamelan presents faster and flashier drumming more predominately 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Walter Spies In actuality Kecak is a modern invention by The crossroads symbolism crossroads are thought to most Ombak is the wave created when the same notes are played on the paired instruments out of tuneness Gong cycle is a recurring sequence of strokes on different gongs that serves as the music s foundation Paired tuning most instruments have pairs tuned just slightly higher female and lower male The Mahabharata and Ramayana is a Hindu epic poem in which Princess Sita is captured by evil King Rawana and is rescued by Prince Rama and the monkey army Balinese dancers and Walter Spies through his 1993 film Island of Demons kecak is primarily promoted as authentic Balinese dance drama Kilitan Telu is a set of three interlovking rhythmic patterns that are an integral component of Balinese music each rhythm needs the other two to be complete this creates the interlocking symbolic of Balinese cultural values and communal interdependence Beleganjur function plays a key role in cremations used to combat evil spirits en route to cremation Instrumentation gong drums cymbals treacherous because it is believed that bhutas and leyaks are found in abundance cremation towers are spun and the music is intensified to avoid evil spirits Kreasi new creation importance it is used to min contest rather than battles against malevolent spirit adversaries Gerak is choreographed movement sequences in Kreasi beleganjur performances Evan Ziporyn and music kontemporer Ziporyn was an American avant garde clarinetist that studied Balinese gamelan for many years Music kontemporer contemporary music is the kind of music his group the Band in a Can All Stars plays Kingdom while the rest of Ireland The Rebublic of Ireland is independent There is a history of terrorism and violemce between the two countries the conflict is not entirely but largely based on religion Religious North Ireland is mostly Protestant while Republic of Ireland is Catholic languages include English and Irish Gaelic restricted Irish Catholics from land ownership participating in government after famine Britain is blamed for their role and more tensions arise 1 5 million Irish die and another 3 million emigrate American cities like New York Boson and Baltimore brought culture dance and music faced prejudice in America pronounced efforts to reclaim and foster Irish traditional music in both Ireland and abroad The Irish Famine 1840s 50s governmental policies by British Ireland UK history political North Ireland is part of United Irish diaspora Irish immigrants came in large numbers to 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Sean nos singing translates to old way unaccompanied most often solo singing often in Irish Gaelic Sean nos is foundation for Irish traditional music Sessions and ceili sessions are informal gathering of musicians play traditional tunes and socialize while Ceili are informal gatherings of musicians AND dancers dancing is a strong focus Irish instruments bodhran drum pennywhistle or tinwhistles fiddles similar to violin just played differently uilleann pipes 3 drone pipes and 3 regulator pipes that play chords the chanter is played with fingers and plays the melody Other instruments include the guitar bouzouki mandolin and accordion Irish dance tunes style jigs are in a 6 8 meter reels are in a 2 4 meter and hornpipes are usually slower and can be played in a 6 8 or 2 4 meter Form each tune is often played in AABB variations meaning they are repeated but there are different ornamentations such as the roll cran treble cut and triplet Seamus Ennis As Ireland modernized in early 20th century Seamus Ennis helped to revitalize sessions and Irish traditional music Ennis played at the Newport Folk Festical in 1964 which brought Irish traditional music to new American audiences Irish music revival Musicians took traditional tunes and styles such as sean nos solo fiddle and uilleann pipes and added other elements like chordal accompaniment the Cheiftains are one of the most influential and internationally renowned Irish traditional groups who have
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