Chapter 14 Behavioral Cognitive Behavioral Perspectives Learning Objectives for Test 4 1 Who are the researchers that paved the way to the behavioral approach to therapy Little Albert conditioned to fear white rats What were their contributions Watson and Rayner 1920 Mary Cover Jones 1924 B F Skinner 1950s Operant Conditioning behavior is modified by its consequences 2 What are the traditional techniques of behavior therapy Peter afraid of rabbits and other small furry animals reconditioning a technique to reduce anxiety Broad spectrum of techniques that are complimentary Systematic Desensitization Exposure Therapy Behavioral Rehearsal Contingency management Aversion Therapy 3 What is the rationale for systematic desensitization How is it implemented Is it empirically supported rationale research support treatment for specific phobias social anxiety Reciprocal inhibition one cannot be relaxed and anxious simultaneously according to APA systematic desensitization is an empirically supported 4 What is the rationale for exposure therapy How is it implemented Is it empirically supported How is it different from systematic desensitization Exposure Therapy client exposes himself to stimuli or situations that are feared and avoided Rationale repeated prolonged presentation of the provoking stimulus Habituation the elimination of a response that comes from the To achieve maximum benefit 1 Exposure should be long 2 Exposure should be repeated until all fear is eliminated 3 Exposure should be graduated low to high 4 Clients must attend to feared stimulus 5 Exposure must provoke anxiety Research support anxiety disorders OCD panic disorder and agoraphobia PTSD Specific phobia and social anxiety according to APA exposure is an empirically supported treatment for several 5 What is the goal of behavioral rehearsal What is role playing What is assertiveness training Goal increasing the client s repertoire of behaviors to get the client to partake in behavior they don t normally do teaching new behaviors Role Playing teach model practice new behaviors Assertiveness training one type teach clients to express how they feel without trampling rights of others 6 What is contingency management Know the different techniques and how they a desired behavior is developed by first rewarding any behavior that usually used with children adolescents and also in health facilities a way to get the person to behave the way you want selectively reinforcing behavior that is similar to the behavior you want work shaping time out Grandma s rule token economy Contingency Management controlling behavior by manipulating its consequences Techniques Shaping approximates it and then by selectively reinforcing behaviors that more and more resemble the target behavior Time out situation in which the behavior is being reinforced put them in time out to take away the attention Grandmas Rule after the desired behavior Token Economy work not and play later you get what you want completed by offering what they want as a reward extinguish undesired behavior by temporarily removing the person from a Ex if a kid is acting out in class because of the attention from the class you can a desired activity is reinforced by allowing the client to engage in a fun behavior a system used to promote desired behavior through the control of reinforcements used in residential care or patient facilities desirable behaviors must be clearly specified reinforce must be clearly specified backup rein forcers must be established and controlled if you engage in this behavior you get points that you can use to get something reinforces have to be controlled because if they can get reward elsewhere it wont you want work 7 What is aversion therapy How does it work and when is it used When an undesirable behavior is followed by unpleasant consequence punishment pain the behavior will diminish isn t always consistent immediately every time immediate and consistent consequence usually only used as a treatment of last resort different than spanking because that doesn t always happen immediately and not commonly used mostly as a last resort ex adding a substance to an alcoholic beverage that makes them throw up 8 Why did behavior therapy move toward cognitive behavior therapy What is modeling What is rational restructuring What is the cognitive model 1970s cognitive therapy methods began to get blended in involves changing patterns of thinking that are contributing to clients problems Modeling observational learning observing someone else to learn a new behavior Rational restructuring big component of this therapy assumes maladaptive behavior is determined by the ways in which people construe their world or by the assumptions they make about it therapists use argument or discussion to get clients to see their beliefs are irrational assumes the way people feel is how they think and how they behave EVENT EMOTION BEHAVIOR if you think negative about it you ll have a different emotional reaction than if you think Cognitive Model the way we perceive situations influences how we feel emotionally EVENT THOUGHT EMOTION BEHAVIOR positive 9 What are the goals of Beck s CBT LECTURE ONLY different than psychotherapy Goals Identify negative thoughts Evaluate how realistic they are Learn to change distorted thinking Problem solve Initiate behavioral changes one way to reach goals is have client do homework slides 28 29 10 What are the strengths of CBT What are the limitations especially with patients with anxiety and depressive disorders ample evidence that CBT is efficacious for many different disorders when compared to other treatments CBT is as good or better Tolin 2010 compared to other treatments this does better long term according to APA CBT or one of its specific techniques is an empirically Strengths Efficacy supported treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder OCD Panic Disorder PTSD Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Depression Substance Abuse and Dependence Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia clinician insurance insurance likes it short because costs less money leader in manualizing treatments step by step directions of what to do techniques are administered in a standardized fashion facilitates conducting research facilitates training future clinicians for depression usually treatments that are shorter than others Well suited for managed care what kind of treatment that is covered by short series of sessions that focus on the clients specific complaints can be
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