CGS 2060 MIDTERM STUDY GUIDE DEFINITIONS o Chapter Topics o More than just a job o Technology on the world stage o Technology and our society o Technology and your life o More than just a job o Technology is a means for career advancement o Provides necessary skillset for survival in society o A tool that allows individual to make impact beyond his or her own life o Technology and the world stage o Technology empowers us with tools to impact the world Political and global issues Social networking fueled social unrest Human rights Witness project stops human right abusers o The digital divide o Great gap between levels of Internet access in different regions of the world o Technology and our society o Technology is allowing us to redefine fundamental parts of our social makeup How we think How we connect with others How we purchase and consume products o These areas of our society are shifting rapidly because of technology o How we think o What we think about Web 2 0 allows international collaboration Civic minded projects appear online Autonomy mastery and purpose o How we think of each other Marketing has relied on exploiting stereotypes Rise of social media has changed this People form into groups based on interests o How we consume o Technology is changing all aspects of how we purchase and consume goods Marketing strategies count on many people having cell phones QR quick response codes link to online information Idea of ownership is evolving and allowing us to change our relationship to objects o Technology and your life o Understand technology can lead to greater productivity o Boost your productivity by becoming computer literate o Being computer literate means Understanding capabilites and limitations of computers Knowing how to use computers efficiently o Be a savvy computer user Avoid hackers and viruses Protect your privacy Understand the real risk Use the internet and web wisely Avoid online annoyance o Prepare for your career o Computer careers are on the rise Computers are used in wide range of careers including Retail Arts Law enforcement Military Agriculture o Retail Working in a data mine Businesses use data mining to search huge amounts of data hoping to find a pattern Data mining opens the door to more detail Allows retailer to respond to consumer buying patterns o Chapter Topics o Understanding your computer o Input and output devices o Processing and memory on the motherboard o Storing data and information o Connecting peripherals to the computer o Power controls o Setting it all up o Understanding your computer o Computer is a data processing device o Performs four major functions Input gathers data allows users to input data Process Manipulates calculates or organizes data into information Output Displays data and information for user Storage Saves data and information for later use o Data vs Information o Data Representation of a fact figure or idea o Information Data that has been organized or presented in a meaningful fashion o Each letter number or character is a unique combination of 8 bits of 0s and 1s o Computer uses combination of hardware and software to process data into Hardware is any part of the computer you can physically touch Software is set of computer programs Application software System software o Operating system OS o Bits and Bytes o The language of computers Bit Binary Digit 0 or 1 Byte 8 bits o Name Abbreviation Number of Bytes o Byte B 1 byte o Kilobyte KB 1024 bytes 2 10 o Megabyte MB 1048576 2 20 bytes o Gigabyte GB 1 073741824 bytes 2 30 o Processing Bits and Bytes information o Types of Computers o Two basic designs of computers Portable Notebook computers Netbooks Tablet PCs Stationary o Other types of computers o Mainframe o Supercomputer o Embedded Supports hundreds of users simultaneously Performs complex calculations extremely rapidly Self contained computer devices performing dedicated functions o Input devices o Devices used to enter data and instructions into the computer o Most common input devices Keyboards to enter typed data and commands Mouse to enter responses and commands o Other input devices Microphone to input sounds Scanner to input nondigital text Digital camera to input digital images Stylus to tap commands or draw on screen o QWERTY layout is standard on most PCs o Dvorak keyboard puts most commonly used letters on home keys o Notebook keys have alternate functions when used in conjunction with the Fn function key o Wireless keyboards work via radio frequencies o Keyboards o Mice o Optical Mouse Moves pointer on the screen Internal sensor or laser detects movement o Wireless mouse Optical and trackball Data sent by radio frequency or Bluetooth technology o New Mouse features o Magnifier o Customizable buttons o Input devices for games o Game controllers send data o Touch screens o Display screen that response to commands by touch with finger or stylus o Becoming popular on many computing devices Smartphones o Enable you to send processed data out of the computer in the form of text Tablet PCs All in one desktop PCs o Input devices for the physically challenged o Visual impairments Voice recognition o Output devices pictures sounds or video Monitors printers Speakers and earphones o Monitor types o Liquid crystal display LCD Flat panel Light and energy efficient o Light emitting diode LED More energy efficient than LCD monitors Better color accuracy and thinner panels o Organic light emitting diode OLED Use organic compounds that produce light o How LCD monitors work o Screens are grids made up of millions of tiny dots called pixels o Each pixel is composed of red blue and green subpixels and sometimes yellow o Two or more sheets of material are filled with liquid crystal solution o Crystals block or let light shine through to cause images to form on the screen o Choosing an LCD monitor o Aspect ratio o Resolution o Contrast ratio o Viewing angle o Brightness o Response time o Size may matter o Bigger the monitor the more you can display o 27 inch monitor 2560 x 1440 pixels o 21 5 inch monitor 1680x1050 pixels o HD DVDs and Blu ray movies o Require 1920 x 1060 o Printers o Inkjet printers o Laser printers Spray tiny drops of ink onto page Use laser beams and static electricity to deliver toner to page o Nonimpact printers have replaced impact printers almost entirely o Processing and Memory on the Motherboard o Main circuit board that contains the central electronic components of the computer o CPU o ROM
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