CGS 2100 EXAM 2*If you know the vocab from all the chapters then you will easily be able to answer all the questions on the exam.Chapter 63D sound card - expansion card that enables a computer to produce sounds that are omnidirectional or three dimensional Access time - the time it takes a storage device to locate its stored dataBD-ROM disc - BluRay Disc Read Only Memory. An optical disc storage media format for high-definition video and data storage Benchmarks - a measurement used in comparing software and hardware performance, created using software applications that are specifically designed to push the limits of computer performance Bit depth - the number of bits a video card uses to store data about each pxel on the monitor Blu-ray disc - a method of optical storage for digital data, developed for storing high-definition media, largest storage capacity of all optical storage optionsCache memory - small blocks of memory, located directly on and next to the CPU chip, that act as holding places for recently of frequently used instructions or data that the CPU accesses the most. When these instructions or data are stored in the cache memory, the CPU can more quickly retrieve them than if it had to access the instructions or data from random access memoryClock speed - the steady and constant pace at which a computer goes through machine cycles, measured in HertzCore - a complete processing section from the CPU, embedded into one physical chipCPU usage - the percent of time the CPU is workingData transfer rate - the maximum speed at which data can be transmitted between two nodes on a network, usually measured in megabits per second DVD-RAM-one of three competing technologies for rewritable DVDsDVD-ROM - DVD format in which data can only be read and not written DVD-R/RW - one of two recognized DVD formats that enable you to read , record, and rewrite data on the discDVD+R/RW - one of two recognized DVD formats that enables you to read, record, and rewrite data on the discExternal SATA (eSATA) - ExpressCard - Front side bus (FSB) - Graphics processing unit (GPU) - a specialized logic chip that is dedicated to quickly displaying and calculating visual data such as shadows, textures, and luminosityHard drive - a device that holds all permanently stored programs and data; can be located inside the system unit or attached to the system unit via a USB portHead crash- impact of read/write head against magnetic platter of the hard drive; often results in data lossHyperthreading- technology that permits quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions to start executing before the previous set has finishedKernel memory - memory that the computer’s operating system uses Latency- process that occurs after the read/write head of the hard drive locates the correct track, and then waits for the correct sector to spin to the read/ write head Memory module (memory card)- a small circuit board that holds a series of random access memory (RAM) chipsMoore’s Law- a prediction named after Gordon Moore, the cofounder of Intel; states that the number of transistors on the CPU chip will double every two yearsNonvolatile storage- Permanent storage, as in Read-only memoryOptical media-Portable storage devices such as CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs Physical memory- The amount of random access memory (RAM) that is installed in a computerPlatter-a thin, round metallic storage plate stacked onto the hard drive spindle Random access memory (RAM) - the computer’s temporary storage space or short-term memory. It is located in a set of chips on the system unit’s motherboard, and its capacity is measured in megabytes or gigabytesRead/write head- The mechanism that retrieves and records the magnetic data to and from a data disk. They move from the outer edge of the spinning platters to the centerSerial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) - a type of hard drive that uses much thinner cables, and can transfer data more quickly than IDE drivesSector- a section of a hard drive platter, wedge-shaped from the center of the platter to the edge Seek time- the time it takes for the hard drives read/write heads to move over the surface of the disk, between tracks, to the correct trackSolid state drive (SSD) - a drive that uses the same kind of memory that flash drives use, but can reach data in only tenth of the time a flash drive requiresSound card- an expansion card that attaches to the motherboard inside the system unit and that enables the computer to produce sounds by providing a connection for the speakers and microphoneSurround sound- a type of audio processing that makes the listener experience sounds as if it were coming from all directionsSystem evaluation – the process of looking at the computer’s subsystems, what they do, and how they perform to determine whether the computer system has the right hardware components to do what the user ultimately wants it to doTrack- a concentric circle that serves as a storage area on a hard drive platterVideo card (video adapter)- an expansion card that is installed inside a system unit to translate binary data into the images viewed on the monitorVideo memory- RAM that is included as part of a video cardVolatile storage- temporary storage, such as in RAM. When the power is off, the data in volatile storage is cleared outChapter 7802.11 standard (WiFi) : a wireless standard established in 1997 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersBackward Compatibility : the accommodation of current devices being able to use previously issued software standards in addition to the current standardsCat 6 Cable : a UTP cable type that provides more than 1 GB of throughputClient : a computer that requires information from a server in a client/server network (such as your computer when you are connected to the Internet)Client/Server Network : a network consisting of client and server computers, in which the clients make requests of the server and the server returns the responseCoaxial Cable : a single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic insulation and sheathing; used mainly in cable television and cable Internet serviceData Transfer Rate (bandwidth): the maximum speed at which data can be transmitted between 2 nodes on a network usually measured in megabits per secondEthernet Network : a network that uses the Ethernet
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