CGS2100 Exam 2 Page 1 of 10 CGS2100 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 6: Understanding and Assessing Hardware, Evaluating Your System 1) ExpressCard*Slot:#can#allow#for#the#addition#of#a#solid2state#drive#(SSD),#eSATA#or#FireWire#ports,#or#other#capabilities#2) System*Evaluation:#a#tool#used#to#determine#whether#your#computer#system#has#the#right#hardware#components#to#do#what#you#want#it#to#do#3) Core:*a#complete#processing#section#from#a#CPU#embedded#into#one#physical#chip#4) Clock*Speed:#dictates#how#many#instructions#the#CPU#can#finish#in#one#second#5) Cache*Memory:#a#form#of#random#access#memory#that#can#be#reached#much#more#quickly#than#regular#RAM#6) Front*Side*Bus*(FSB):#the#main#path#for#data#movement#in#a#system,#carrying#data#from#the#CPU#to#memory,#the#video#card#and#other#components#on#the#motherboard#7) Hyperthreading:#provides#quicker#processing#of#information#by#enabling#a#new#set#of#instructions#to#start#executing#before#the#previous#set#has#finished#8) CPU*Benchmarks:#measurements#used#to#compare#performance#between#processors#9) CPU*Usage:#the#percentage#of#time#your#CPU#is#working#10) CPU*Usage*Graph:*records#your#CPU#usage#for#the#past#several#seconds#11) Random*Access*Memory*(RAM):#your#computer’s#temporary#storage#space,#remembers#everything#needed#to#process#the#data#into#information#12) Volatile*Storage:*storage#cleared#out#when#the#computer#turned#off#13) Nonvolatile*Storage:#allows#for#the#storage#of#instructions#when#the#computer#is#turned#off#14) Memory*Modules*(Memory*Cards):#small#circuit#boards#that#hold#a#series#of#RAM#chips#and#fir#into#special#slots#on#the#mother#board#15) Physical*Memory:#the#amount#of#RAM#that#is#actually#sitting#on#your#memory#modules#in#your#computer#16) Super*Fetch:#used#by#Windows#7,#monitors#which#applications#you#use#the#most#and#preloads#them#so#that#they#will#be#ready#to#go#17) Kernel*Memory:#the#memory#that#your#operating#system#uses#18) Hard*Drive:#has#the#largest#capacity#of#any#storage#device,#most#economical#option#19) Platter:#each#plate#of#a#hard#drive#20) SolidIState*Drive*(SSD):*#uses#the#same#type#of#memory#as#a#flash#drive,#very#little#heat#and#no#noise,#up#to#1,000#times#faster#than#mechanical#drives#21) External*SATA:#a#port#that#will#connect#to#some#external#hard#drives#22) RAID*(Redundant*Array*of*Independent*Disks):#a#set#of#strategies#for#using#more#than#one#drive#in#a#system#23) Video*Card*(Video*Adapter):#an#expansion#card#that#is#installed#inside#your#system#unit#to#translate#binary#data#into#the#images#you#view#on#your#monitor#24) Video*Memory:#the#RAM#installed#on#a#video#card#CGS2100 Exam 2 Page 2 of 10 25) Graphics*Double*Data*Rate*5*(GDDR5):#a#new#standard#of#video#memory#26) Graphics*Processing*Unit*(GPU):#performs#work#like#the#CPU#but#is#specialized#to#handle#3D#graphics#and#image#and#video#processing#with#efficiency#and#speed#27) Bit*Depth:#defines#the#color#quality#of#the#image#displayed#28) Sound*Card:#an#expansion#card#that#attaches#to#the#motherboard#inside#the#unit#29) 3D*Sound*Card:#advances#sound#reproduction#beyond#stereo#sound#30) Moore’s*Law:#describes#the#pace#at#which#the#CPU#improve#31) SATA*(Serial*Advances*Technology*Attachment):#how#internal#hard#drives#connect,#uses#thin#cables# Chapter 7: Networking, Connecting Computing Devices 1) Network:#two#or#more#computers#that#are#connected#via#software#and#hardware#so#that#they#can#communicate#with#each#other#2) Node:#the#name#for#each#device#connected#to#a#network#3) Network*Administration:#tasks#involved#include,#installing#new#computers#and#devices,#monitoring#the#network,#updating#and#installing#software,#configuring#or#setting#up#proper#security#for#the#network#4) Network*Architecture:#the#design#of#a#network#5) PeerItoIPeer*(P2P)*Network:*each#node#on#the#network#can#communicate#with#other#nodes#on#the#network*6) Client/Server*Network:#contains#two#typed#of#computers*7) Client:#a#computer#on#which#users#accomplish#specific#tasks#and#make#requests*8) Server:#the#computer#that#provides#information#or#resources#to#the#client#computers#on#the#network*9) Home*Network*Server:#designed#to#store#media,#share#media#across#a#network#and#back#up#files#on#computers#connected#to#the#network*10) Home*Area*Network*(HAN):#a#network#located#in#a#home*11) Local*Area*Network*(LAN):#a#network#in#which#the#nodes#are#located#within#a#small#geographic#area*12) Wide*Area*Network*(WAN):#made#up#of#LANs#connected#over#long#distances*13) Metropolitan*Area*Network*(MAN):#typically#a#network#of#an#entire#city*14) Transmission*Media:#establish#communication#channels#between#the#nodes#on#a#network,#wired#or#wireless*15) TwistedIPair*Cable:*made#up#of#copper#wires#that#are#twisted#around#each#other#and#are#surrounded#by#a#plastic#jacket*16) Coaxial*Cable:#consists#of#a#single#copper#wire#surrounded#by#layers#of#plastic*17) FiberIOptic*Cable:#made#up#of#plastic#or#glass#fibers#that#transmit#data#at#extremely#fast#speeds*18) Data*Transfer*Rate*(Bandwidth):#the#maximum#speed#at#which#data#can#be#transferred#between#two#nodes#on#the#network*19) Throughput:#the#actual#speed#of#data#transfer#that#is#achieved*20) Network*Adapters:*devices#installed#in#network#nodes#that#enable#the#nodes#to#communicate#with#each#other#and#to#access#the#network*CGS2100 Exam 2 Page 3 of 10 21) Network*Interface*Card*(NIC):#network#adapters#installed#inside#the#device*22) Network*Navigation*Devices:#control#the#flow#of#data#through#a#network*23) Packet:#a#bundle#of#data*24) Router:#transfers#packages#of#data#between#two#or#more#networks*25) Network*Operating*System*(NOS):#controls#the#client/server#networks*26) Internet*Service*Providers*(ISPs):#where#internet#access#is#purchased*27) Digital*Subscriber*Line*(DSL):#uses#the#same#types#of#wiring#used#in#standard#phone#lines#to#connect#your#computer#to#the#internet*28) Fiber*Optics*Service:*uses#plastic#or#glass#cables#to#transfer#data#at#the#speed#of#light#29) Wireless*Fidelity*(WiFi):#allows#for#wireless#access#of#the#internet#30) Ethernet*Network:#uses#the#Ethernet#protocol#as#the#means#by#which#the#nodes#on#the#network#communicate#31) Backward*Compatibility:#the#ability#of#devices#to#be#able#to#use#previously#issued#standards#32) Transceiver:#a#device#that#translates#the#electronic#data#that#needs#to#be#sent#along#the#network#into#radio#waves#and#then#broadcasts#them#to#other#network#nodes#33) Multiple*Input*Multiple*Output*(MIMO):#uses#multiple#antenna#for#sending#and#receiving#data#34)
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