CGS2100 Exam 2 Page 1 of 9 CGS2100 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 6: Understanding and Assessing Hardware, Evaluating Your System 1) ExpressCard Slot: can allow for the addition of a solid-state drive (SSD), eSATA or FireWire ports, or other capabilities 2) System Evaluation: a tool used to determine whether your computer system has the right hardware components to do what you want it to do 3) Core: a complete processing section from a CPU embedded into one physical chip 4) Clock Speed: dictates how many instructions the CPU can finish in one second 5) Cache Memory: a form of random access memory that can be reached much more quickly than regular RAM 6) Front Side Bus (FSB): the main path for data movement in a system, carrying data from the CPU to memory, the video card and other components on the motherboard 7) Hyperthreading: provides quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions to start executing before the previous set has finished 8) CPU Benchmarks: measurements used to compare performance between processors 9) CPU Usage: the percentage of time your CPU is working 10) CPU Usage Graph: records your CPU usage for the past several seconds 11) Random Access Memory (RAM): your computer’s temporary storage space, remembers everything needed to process the data into information 12) Volatile Storage: storage cleared out when the computer turned off 13) Nonvolatile Storage: allows for the storage of instructions when the computer is turned off 14) Memory Modules (Memory Cards): small circuit boards that hold a series of RAM chips and fir into special slots on the mother board 15) Physical Memory: the amount of RAM that is actually sitting on your memory modules in your computer 16) Super Fetch: used by Windows 7, monitors which applications you use the most and preloads them so that they will be ready to go 17) Kernel Memory: the memory that your operating system uses 18) Hard Drive: has the largest capacity of any storage device, most economical option 19) Platter: each plate of a hard drive 20) Solid-State Drive (SSD): uses the same type of memory as a flash drive, very little heat and no noise, up to 1,000 times faster than mechanical drives 21) External SATA: a port that will connect to some external hard drives 22) RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks): a set of strategies for using more than one drive in a system 23) Video Card (Video Adapter): an expansion card that is installed inside your system unit to translate binary data into the images you view on your monitor 24) Video Memory: the RAM installed on a video card 25) Graphics Double Data Rate 5 (GDDR5): a new standard of video memory 26) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): performs work like the CPU but is specialized to handle 3D graphics and image and video processing with efficiency and speed 27) Bit Depth: defines the color quality of the image displayedCGS2100 Exam 2 Page 2 of 9 28) Sound Card: an expansion card that attaches to the motherboard inside the unit 29) 3D Sound Card: advances sound reproduction beyond stereo sound 30) Moore’s Law: describes the pace at which the CPU improve 31) SATA (Serial Advances Technology Attachment): how internal hard drives connect, uses thin cables Chapter 7: Networking, Connecting Computing Devices 1) Network: two or more computers that are connected via software and hardware so that they can communicate with each other 2) Node: the name for each device connected to a network 3) Network Administration: tasks involved include, installing new computers and devices, monitoring the network, updating and installing software, configuring or setting up proper security for the network 4) Network Architecture: the design of a network 5) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network: each node on the network can communicate with other nodes on the network 6) Client/Server Network: contains two typed of computers 7) Client: a computer on which users accomplish specific tasks and make requests 8) Server: the computer that provides information or resources to the client computers on the network 9) Home Network Server: designed to store media, share media across a network and back up files on computers connected to the network 10) Home Area Network (HAN): a network located in a home 11) Local Area Network (LAN): a network in which the nodes are located within a small geographic area 12) Wide Area Network (WAN): made up of LANs connected over long distances 13) Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): typically a network of an entire city 14) Transmission Media: establish communication channels between the nodes on a network, wired or wireless 15) Twisted-Pair Cable: made up of copper wires that are twisted around each other and are surrounded by a plastic jacket 16) Coaxial Cable: consists of a single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic 17) Fiber-Optic Cable: made up of plastic or glass fibers that transmit data at extremely fast speeds 18) Data Transfer Rate (Bandwidth): the maximum speed at which data can be transferred between two nodes on the network 19) Throughput: the actual speed of data transfer that is achieved 20) Network Adapters: devices installed in network nodes that enable the nodes to communicate with each other and to access the network 21) Network Interface Card (NIC): network adapters installed inside the device 22) Network Navigation Devices: control the flow of data through a network 23) Packet: a bundle of data 24) Router: transfers packages of data between two or more networks 25) Network Operating System (NOS): controls the client/server networks 26) Internet Service Providers (ISPs): where internet access is purchasedCGS2100 Exam 2 Page 3 of 9 27) Digital Subscriber Line (DSL): uses the same types of wiring used in standard phone lines to connect your computer to the internet 28) Fiber Optics Service: uses plastic or glass cables to transfer data at the speed of light 29) Wireless Fidelity (WiFi): allows for wireless access of the internet 30) Ethernet Network: uses the Ethernet protocol as the means by which the nodes on the network communicate 31) Backward Compatibility: the ability of devices to be able to use previously issued standards 32) Transceiver: a device that translates the electronic data that needs to be sent along the network into radio waves and then broadcasts them to other network nodes 33) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO): uses multiple antenna for sending and receiving data 34) Gigabit Ethernet:
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